1. Classification

2. The Importance of classification
In biology, the practice of naming and classifying organisms is called taxonomy.
Biologists use taxonomic systems to organize their knowledge of organisms. These systems attempt to provide consistent ways to name and categorize organisms.

3. The problem with common names
Common names are not organized into a system. One species may have many different common names.
For example: Robins in Great Britain are a completely different bird than robin in the United States.
Great Britain Robin

4. Scientific nomenclature
Carl Linnaeus, 1750s, developed a consistent naming system still used today.
Each species has 2 names (binomial nomenclature); Genus and species name
Common Name: African Lion
Scientific name: Panthera leo

5. Naming rules
All scientific names for species are made up of two Latin or Latin-like terms.
All members of a genus share the genus name as the first term
The second term is the species identifier and is often descriptive.
Common name: Honeybee
Scientific name: Apis mellifera
Mellifera = Latin for honey

6. The linnaean system
Domain: Eukarya

7. Levels of the linnaean system
Each level has its own set of names for taxa (groups) at that level
Each taxon is identified based on shared traits
Similar species are grouped into a genus; similar genera are grouped into a family, etc.
Order: Lagomorpha

8. Kingdoms and domains
For many years, scientists recognized only two kingdoms: Plantae and Animalia
Today, there are 6 kingdoms for classifying organisms; Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia
These 6 Kingdoms each belong to a larger category: The Domain

9. Domain bacteria Domain Bacteria is equivalent to Kingdom Eubacteria
These are all prokaryotic
unicellular organisms
They have a strong exterior
cell wall and a unique genetic
system.
They have the same kind of
cell membrane lipids as
Eukaryotes do

10. Domain Archaea Equivalent to the Kingdom Archaebacteria
These organisms are prokaryotic and unicellular
They have a unique cell wall and membranes and a unique genetic system
The genetic system of Archae share some similarities with Eukarya that they do not share with Eubacteria
Scientists think that Archaea began to evolve in a separate lineage from bacteria early in Earth’s history & some gave rise to Eukaryotes.

11. Archaebacteria Were first found by scientists
in extreme environments, such
as salt lakes, the deep ocean or
hot springs that exceed 100
degrees Celsius.
Called extremophiles.
Some live in O2-free
environments. These are
called methanogens.

12. Domain Eukarya
Made up of Kingdoms: Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia
All have eukaryotic cells with a complex internal structure