1. Answers to Reviewer

2.  Requires energy  Grows  Reproduces  Contains genetic material  Reacts to the environment

3.  Genetic material : DNA and/or RNA  Cell /plasma membrane  Cytoplasm

4. CELL STRUCTURE HYDROPHOBIC & HYDROPHILIC

5. HOW MATERIALS MOVE ACROSS THE CELL MEMBRANE  Osmosis  Diffusion  Active Transport  Passive Transport DEFINITION

6. HIGH CONCENTRATION->LOW CONCENTRATION  moves ALONG the gradient  Doesn’t require energy  Diffusion, Osmosis, passive transport LOW CONCENTRATION->HIGH CONCENTRATION  Moves AGAINST the gradient  Requires energy in the form of ATP  Active Transport

7. PLANT CELL  Chloroplast where photosynthesis takes place  Cell Wall  Large Vacuole ANIMAL CELL  No chloroplast  No cell wall  Vacuole is smaller than plant cells  Centriole-> mitosis, cytokinesis

8. PROKARYOTES  No nucleus, genetic material is “naked”  Circular plasmid  No membranous cell organelles  Bacteria, Archaea EUKARYOTES  Nucleus, nucleolus  Chromosomes  Cell organelles  Plants, animals VIRUSES  Non-living  Genetic material  Protein coat

9. DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID  Found in nucleus of eukaryotes, contains genetic information for encoding proteins  Deoxyribose sugar  Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine RIBONUCLEIC ACID  Found in the nucleus, cytoplasm, three types  mRNA, tRNA, rRNA  Ribose sugar  “uracil” instead of thymine

10. DEFINITION  DNA-> RNA STEPS

11. RNA-> PROTEIN

12.  DNA-> RNA-> PROTEIN

13.  System of folded sacs and channels where translation takes place, proteins are created and where lipids are modified.

14. ROUGH ER  Synthesizes proteins  Ribosomes on it SOFT ER  Modifies, detoxifies lipids  No ribosomes

15.  Modification, packaging proteins  Transport of proteins to the plasma membrane for secretion

16.  Reactants: Carbon dioxide, Water  Products: Glucose ( sugar), Oxygen

17. LIGHT-DEPENDENT  Water is oxidized  Light energy is converted into chemical energy  Generates ATP, NADPH,H, Oxygen LIGHT-INDEPENDENT ( DARK)  CO2, ATP, NADH, H react  Formation of glucose

18. REACTANTS  Glucose  Oxygen ( aerobic)  No oxygen ( anaerobic) PRODUCTS  Carbon dioxide,  Water  Energy-> ATP

19.  Adenosine triphosphate  Energy molecule

20.  Matrix-> carbohydrates broken down to CO2 and water  Cristae-> ATP is produced

21.  monosaccharides

22.  Amino Acids

23.  Fatty acids  Glycerol

24.  Nitrogenous bases  Sugar  Phosphate  Ex. DNA, RNA

25.  Large carbon compounds necessary for life * Living organisms are made out of C, H, O, N, P, S  Polysaccharides  Proteins  Triglycerides  Nucleic Acids

26.  What is the central dogma of molecular biology? What are the organelles involved? What processes are involved?  What is the function of the cell membrane?  How does the cell generate its energy? What processes are involved? Name the types of cells, reactants, products involved.