2. Capillaries Smallest vessels that are very thin & allow oxygen and carbon dioxide to pass through the walls Blood Vessels Tubes that carry blood – capillaries, arteries and veins Veins Carry blood to the heart Valve Arteries Carry blood away from the heart Muscle

3. Functions of the circulatory system… DELIVER MATERIALS Red Blood Cells - Erythrocytes Contain hemoglobin that enables RBC’s to carry Oxygen to the body and pick up Carbon Dioxide. They trade the Carbon Dioxide for Oxygen in the lungs What does oxygen do for us? Oxygen helps our body to make energy

4. Where does the Carbon Dioxide come from? We make Carbon Dioxide in our body when we make energy How does your body know when to breathe? When your body registers that there is to much carbon dioxide in the body it will force you to breathe since carbon dioxide is poisonous to your body. Carbon dioxide blocks Oxygen from traveling on the RBC’s if we can’t exhale we can’t make energy

6. White Blood Cells - Leukocytes Fight disease and foreign objects in the body Platelets - Thrombocytes Assist in blood clotting Hemoglobin - iron-containing protein that gives blood its red color

8. Heart Ventricle - lower chamber of the heart Atrium - upper chamber of the heart Pacemaker - small bundle of cells in the right atrium that starts each heartbeat

9. Cardiovascular disease causes a buildup of plaque in the arteries Coronary arteries are the arteries that give the cardiac muscle oxygen Why would the heart need oxygen? When plaque blocks a coronary artery the heart muscle is not able to make enough energy and you have a heart attack What do you think the causes the plaque to buildup? Cardiovascular disease has been linked to smoking & high cholesterol Plaque Blood Flow

10. In heart bypass surgery the blockage in the coronary artery is bypassed A vein is taken from the leg is connected to the aorta and then to a place beyond the blockage. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/eheart/transplantwave.html

11. Angioplasty – where a balloon is blown up in side an artery. The balloon pushes the plaque to the sides, so the passage is clear. Deflated balloon in artery Balloon pushes plaque against artery wall

12. Respiratory System – gas exchange Path of the Respiratory System: Air enters the mouth or nose Air continues down the pharynx past the larynx (voice box) and into the trachea (windpipe) The lower end of the trachea splits into 2 bronchi

13. The bronchi split off into several bronchioles At the end of each bronchiole there is an air sac The air sac is made up of several alveoli The alveoli have capillaries wrapped around them Capillaries Alveoli Trachea Bronchioles Blood cells with Oxygen Oxygen in CO2 out Blood cells with CO2

14. Why would the alveoli have capillaries around them? This ensures that gas can pass through the walls of the capillaries exchanging Carbon Dioxide for Oxygen At what point do the Respiratory and Circulatory Systems interact?

16. When you inhale muscles in between your ribs contract and the diaphragm (a muscle below your lungs) contracts When you exhale the muscles in between your ribs relax and the diaphragm relaxes

17. Asthma Asthma - respiratory disease in which certain airways in the lungs become constricted Bronchitis Bronchitis – mucous accumulates in the bronchioles and does not allow as much air to pass through Emphysema Emphysema – the alveoli lose their elasticity Pneumonia Pneumonia – the alveoli fill with liquid (pus, mucous etc)

19. 90% of lung cancer patients are/were smokers