1. Circulatory and Respiratory Systems

2. Circulatory System Function:
- transport nutrients, oxygen, and wastes throughout the body
Closed system meaning that all circulating fluid is contained in network or system of vessels
Interconnected with respiratory system to supply cells with essentials needed for survival
- consists of a muscular pump (heart), blood vessels, and blood

3. Blood Vessels Three types of blood vessels:
1. Arteries – Always carry blood Away from the heart
2. Capillaries – thin walled vessels that connect arteries and veins; allow gas exchange
3. Veins – carry blood back to the heart

4. Heart
Four chambers
Upper chambers are the atria (atrium) receives the blood
Lower chambers are the ventricles; get blood from atria and pump out of the heart
Right side carries deoxygenated blood
Left side carries oxygenated blood
Valves prevent backflow of blood through the chambers

5. Circulation Loops
Pulmonary circulation – pumps oxygen poor blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs and back to the left side of heart
Systemic circulation pumps oxygen rich blood from the left side of the heart to the rest of the body and back to the right side of heart

6. Pulse and Blood Pressure
Pulse – beats per minute of blood against the artery walls close to skin
-can be taken by applying pressure to wrist (radial), upper arm or elbow (brachial), inner thigh (femoral), top of foot (pedal), or side of neck under jaw line (carotid)
Blood pressure – pressure of blood through artery walls as it contracts out of the ventricles of the heart
- first number is systolic – contraction of ventricle
- second number is diastolic – relaxation of ventricle
Ex: 120/80 normal blood pressure rate

7. Respiratory System Function:
*bring about the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood, air, and tissues
Respiration – means the process of gas exchange
- release of CO2 and uptake of O2
- uptake of oxygen is required for cellular respiration that will then produce ATP for the cells

8. Structures of Respiration
System consists of: nasal passages pharynx – back of throat larynx – voice box trachea- ringed windpipe bronchi – branched tubes bronchioles – smaller extensions of bronchi Alveoli – tiny grape-like clusters of air sacs

9. Gas Exchange One lung contains about 150 million alveoli
Alveoli have very thin capillary walls that allow the exchange of carbon dioxide for oxygen
Hemoglobin in red blood cells aids in efficiently transporting oxygen throughout the body

10. Breathing Breathing is the movement of air into and out of the lungs
No muscles in the lungs just inflatable sacs
Diaphragm - is the muscle at the base of the rib cage that contracts and brings in air (inhalation), then relaxes and pushes air out (exhalation)

11. Breathing