1. The Church and Society & Late Middle Ages

2. The Church and Society 1050-1150 strongest religious push. Many monasteries and convents were made/started. New religious orders started to pop up. Men were called friars: latin for brother. Catholicism was still #1 in W. Europe, On Sundays people went to Mass. Communion was taken: bread and wine Prayed to Saints, who were in the presence of God. Named churches after them and touched relics.

3. The Church and Society The Inquisition: The Church fearful of people not believing in them. Pursued heretics on charges of heresy. Pursued Jews as well for beliefs and banking (interest=sin) This created anti-semitism Had to live places and have jobs Christians didn’t want.

4. Society and culture Boom in art/architecture People with wealth paid for large cathedrals to be built Romanesque: church that is square w/ rounded domes Gothic: has ribbed vaults & pointed arches Bologna, Italy; Paris, France; Oxford, England (1231) had the first universities. Trained scholars; tested orally, could earn a specific degree like theology w/ more school. Guilds were also around the they trained craftsmen. Thomas Aquinas greatest Scholasticism. Used Aristotle's teachings of reason, said “natural law gave people rights.” Vernacular = everyday language, which was Latin & other languages. Wrote troubadour poetry

5. Late Middle Ages The plague took Europe in late 1200’s-1300’s. Killed roughly 32 million people. Europe’s Economy 100 years War 1337-1453 French vs. English over Normandy. Edward 3, Henry V, & Charles English Archers at Crecy. Joan, was a peasant & honest, Orleans. Results in civil war called “War of Roses” in England. Henry Tudor becomes Henry the VII

6. Spain and Portugal Muslims held the Iberian peninsula, Spain and Portugal. Built Alhambra Made schools for all Christians started the Reconquista Christians made three kingdoms: Portugal, Castile, & Aragon.

7. Spain and Portugal 1496 Princess Isabella of Castile and Prince Ferdinand of Aragon marry. Wanted Spain to be Catholic Spanish Inquisition. Thousands tortured and killed. Exodus of Jews 10 year conquest forced Muslims to N. Africa