1. Introducing Citations Dana Collins

2. Introduce Yourself! Name Area of study Any past experiences with citation Any current assignments that require citation & which style is needed (MLA, APA…) Any general questions about citation

3. Why Use Citation? To avoid stealing another’s words or ideas by recognizing their original author/creator To help an interested reader find more information about your topic To be taken seriously as a scholar/researcher/writer To have a standard, uniform system for citing sources

4. What Is Citation? http://library.acadiau.ca/tutorials/plagiarism/ When Are Online Sources Appropriate? http://library.acadiau.ca/tutorials/webevaluatio n/ http://library.acadiau.ca/tutorials/webevaluatio n/

5. What is MLA? MLA stands for Modern Language Association. This organization is a group of teachers and scholars founded in 1883. This group came together to create a standard of style rules to be used in the composition of research papers. (Franklin, Phyllis. “Foreward.” Foreward. MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers. 6 th ed. New York: The Modern Language Association of America, 2003. xv- xvii. Print.)

6. Writers use the MLA’s style-rules for formatting in order to avoid plagiarism. This way when a writer wants to quote or paraphrase another person’s ideas, they can use the rules to attribute the idea to its original author and cite the source where they found it. What is MLA? (Franklin, Phyllis. “Foreward.” Foreward. MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers. 6 th ed. New York: The Modern Language Association of America, 2003. xv- xvii. Print.)

7. What is MLA? MLA-style is used for research papers in the humanities and liberal arts fields: – Art – Drama – English – History – Music – Philosophy – Religious Studies (Nerzak, Peter. MLA & APA Citation Guide. Pellissippi State Community College, 26 Sept. 2013. Web. 10 Oct. 2013.)

8. What is APA? APA stands for American Psychological Association. This is the largest association of psychologists in the world. APA Format is another standard of style used when referencing and citing ideas. These formats (MLA & APA) exist because it is so important to give credit where credit’s due! (Falk, B., & Blumenreich, M. (2005). Appendix 3 Handy Little Guide for Referencing. The Power of Questions: A Guide to Teacher and Student Research. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.)

9. What is APA? APA-style is used for research papers in the social sciences: – Anthropology – Business – Education – Communication – Geography – History – Linguistics – Psychology – Sociology (Nerzak, P. (2013) MLA & APA Citation Guide. Retrieved from http://libguides.pstcc.edu/mla)

10. ESC Online Library Subject guides collect all the information sources and search tools in the library for one particular subject area. – http://subjectguides.esc.edu/home http://subjectguides.esc.edu/home – http://youtu.be/b5UQ0cyD93A http://youtu.be/b5UQ0cyD93A

11. Did you notice the difference in my citations? What differences do you see? For books: – Franklin, Phyllis. “Foreward.” Foreward. MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers. 6 th ed. New York: The Modern Language Association of America, 2003. xv-xvii. Print.  MLA – Falk, B., & Blumenreich, M. (2005). Appendix 3 Handy Little Guide for Referencing. The Power of Questions: A Guide to Teacher and Student Research. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.  APA

12. What differences do you see in this example? For electronic sources: – Nerzak, Peter. MLA & APA Citation Guide. Pellissippi State Community College, 26 Sept. 2013. Web. 10 Oct. 2013. – Nerzak, P. (2013) MLA & APA Citation Guide. Retrieved from http://libguides.pstcc.edu/mla

13. MLA Parenthetical Citations Original: “The legend of the White City has since become part of the Honduran national psyche, a tale known to most schoolchildren.” In-Text Citation w/ Direct Quote: According to Douglas Preston for The New Yorker, the legend of the White City has become ubiquitous. He writes that it is now “a tale known to most schoolchildren” (35). (Preston, Douglas. “The El Dorado Machine.” The New Yorker 6 May 2013: 34-40. Print.)

14. More on In-Text Citations In regards to in-text citations, Diana Hacker notes that it generally “names the author of the source, often in a signal phrase, and gives the page number in parentheses” (340). Can you find the “signal phrase” in my example? (Hacker, Diana. A Writer’s Reference. 5 th ed. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2003. Print. )

15. Verbs for Signal Phrases acknowledgescommentsendorsesreasons addscomparesgrantsrefutes admitsconfirmsillustratesrejects agreescontendsimpliesreports arguesdeclaresinsistsresponds assertsdeniesnotessuggests believesdisputesobservesthinks claimsemphasizespoints outwrites (Hacker 336) (Hacker, Diana. A Writer’s Reference. 5 th ed. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2003. Print. )

16. Original: “The legend of the White City has since become part of the Honduran national psyche, a tale known to most schoolchildren.” In-Text Citation w/ Paraphrase & Author Named in Parentheses: The collective mindset of the Honduran people is in constant flux. Most school-aged children now learn about the White City from their family and peers. It is no longer just a story, but a legend (Preston 35). MLA Parenthetical Citations (Preston, Douglas. “The El Dorado Machine.” The New Yorker 6 May 2013: 34-40. Print.)

17. APA Parenthetical Citations Original: “The legend of the White City has since become part of the Honduran national psyche, a tale known to most schoolchildren.” In-Text Citation w/ Direct Quote: The story of the White City has reached a new status beyond simply that of a tale: “The legend of the White City has since become part of the Honduran national psyche, a tale known to most schoolchildren.” (Douglas, 2013, p. 35) (Preston, D. (2013, May 6). The El Dorado Machine. The New Yorker, LXXIX, No. 21, pp. 34-40.)

18. What differences do you see? Preston, Douglas. “The El Dorado Machine.” The New Yorker 6 May 2013: 34-40. Print. Preston, D. (2013, May 6). The El Dorado Machine. The New Yorker, LXXIX, No. 21, pp. 34-40.

19. Original: “The legend of the White City has since become part of the Honduran national psyche, a tale known to most schoolchildren.” In-Text Citation w/ Paraphrase & Author Named in Parentheses: The collective mindset of the Honduran people is in constant flux. Most school-aged children now learn about the White City from their family and peers. It is no longer just a story, but a legend (Preston, 2013). APA Parenthetical Citations (Preston, D. (2013, May 6). The El Dorado Machine. The New Yorker, LXXIX, No. 21, pp. 34-40.)

20. Incorporating Sources https://www.wou.edu/provost/library/clip/tutor ials/incorp_sources.htm https://www.wou.edu/provost/library/clip/tutor ials/incorp_sources.htm

21. “Quiz”

22. Thank You! Good Luck with Your Papers! Please Come Back Next Tuesday for: “Academic Writing: Content & Form”