1. Sentence patterns

2. ,c= , conjunction (coordinating conjunction)
Key to Formulas
I = Independent clause
,c= , conjunction (coordinating conjunction)
;ca,= ;conjunctive adverb,

3. #1 Simple Sentence/Independent Clause
I = Independent clause
subject, verb, complete thought

4. #2 Compound sentence punctuation patterns
I ,c I
Tom reads novels, but his friend reads comics.
Tom read s novels, and his friend reads comics.
Tom reads novels, or he reads comics.

5. COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
FANBOYS
,for
,and
,nor
,but
,or
,yet
,so

6. #3 Compound sentence punctuation patterns
I ; I
Tom reads novels; his friend reads comics.
I went to the store; Bob played video games

7. #4 Compound sentence punctuation patterns
I;ca,I
Tom reads novels; however, his friend reads comics.
Tom reads novels; therefore, he is smart.

8. Conjunctive Adverbs ;however, ;consequently, ;furthermore, ;therefore,
;then,
;now,
;nevertheless,

9. Complex sentence punctuation patterns
A.  D, I
B.  I D
Examples:
Although Jesse knew his teacher was watching, he still passed the note.
He still passed the note although Jesse knew the teacher was watching.

10. Subordinating Conjunctions
after although as because before even if even though if in order that once provided that rather than since so that than that though unless until when whenever where whereas wherever whether while why

11. Necessary and Unnecessary Clauses/Phrases
i NC i (sentence begins before clause and ends after it)
i, UC, I (sentence begins before clause and ends after it)
Mnemonic device:
NC=NC (Necessary clause=Needs comma)
UC= UC (Unnecessary clause=Use Comma)
The doctor, who was married, gave the boy some medicine.
Many students, including ninth and tenth graders, struggle with math.
The witch who was wicked attacked Dorothy.
The boy with the red hair is the one who did it.

12. Compound/Complex punctuation patterns
A. D, I ,c I
B. I ,c I D
Examples:
Because Sadie had soup for supper, she did not want to eat pizza, so she fed it to her dog.
She did not want to eat the pizza, so she fed it to her dog because Sadie had soup for supper.
1.10
1.10

13. Advanced sentence structure

14. Compound Complex sentence
Formulas we know:
I ,c I D
D, I c, I
I ; I D
D, I ; I
New formula:
I ,c D, I
Jared is competing in the swim competition, and though he is a beginner, he probably will win.

15. Write examples of each.