1. Chapter 7 Five Basic Sentence Types

2. Sentence Slots Subject Predicate MV int = Intransitive (no object) MV BE = BE as the main verb MV link = BE, appear, become, etc… NP 1 MV tr = Transitive (requires an object) Subj predicate S NP VP

3. What’s the predicate pattern? The customer complained persistently Carla must have enrolled rather early A telephone is ringing Jan snores loudly Fish swim A. Verbs (+ Nouns) B. Verbs (+ Adj’s) C. Verbs (+ Adv’s) D. ADJs (+ Adv’s) Sentence Type I

4. Type I: Intransitive Verb Sentence ends with: Verbial or Adverbial Tests Main verb is not “BE” Divide predicate into phrases If all phrases are VP or ADVP = Intransitive Test for ADVP by substitution

5. Common Intransitive Verbs Disappear Complain Snore Rise Fall Sob Cry Begin Grow Melt See Live Return Ask yourself if the action is done in some way, in some direction or to some degree.

6. Type I: NP + MV int (+ADV) Type I or not? The bus stops here on Mondays Becky stepped very carelessly into the street It was Tuesday so the bus almost hit her

7. Find the Type I Construction… A. B.

8. Diagramming (you) Stay__ downwind (you) Stay downwind Sentence Type I

9. Treeing S NP VP (you) Stay downwind MVPADV (you) Stay downwind Sentence Type I

10. Find a Type I Sentence… … in your G & C paper NP + MV int (+ADV)

11. What’s the predicate pattern? Jesse is outside. Her job interviews were yesterday. The reception will be at noon. Cheryl’s notebook must have been on the desk. A. V Intrans. + ADV manner B. V Trans. + ADJ subject complement C. BE + ADJ subject complement D. BE + ADV time/place Sentence Type II

12. Type II: BE + ADV of Time/Place Sentence includes: Linking (BE) Verb AND Adverbial Complement (required) Complement = something that completes… Tests Is the Main Verb “BE”? Is “BE” followed by ADVP of time or place?

13. Type II: NP + MV BE + Adv t/p Are these Type II? I am here now I am happy to be here I must have been elsewhere yesterday I like go to China during the summer

14. Find the Type II Construction… A. Your car keys are under the sofa B. You like to wear women’s shoes Sentence Type II

15. Diagramming keys are under car Your the sofa Your car keys are under the sofa Sentence Type II

16. Treeing S NP VP Your car keys are under the sofa MVPADVP Sentence Type II DETADJN PREPDETN

17. What’s the Pattern? Sheila is beautiful Her parties are very lavish She is becoming friendly Her husband has seemed happier Sentence Type III A. MV tr + Direct object B. MV int + ADV manner C. MV link + ADJ subj. complement D. MV BE + Nominal subj. complement

18. Type III: Linking Verb + Adj Subj Comp Sentences contain: Linking Verb AND Subject Complement (AKA Predicate Adjective) Tests Is the MVP followed by ADJP? Is the MV “BE” or substitutable with “BE”? e.g. appear, become, seem grow, feel, look, sound…

19. Common Linking Verbs BE Seem Become Taste Feel Look See p. 212 for more…

20. Type III: NP + MV link + Adj Subj Comp Are these Type III? Fred seems to be angry His cashmere sweater feels silky Pat looked surprisingly happy after his loss He looked as though he had been up all night

21. Type III Constructions: (x2) 12341234 A. 1 & 2 B. 2 & 3 C. 3 & 4 D. 2 & 4

22. Diagramming I ‘ m \ busy I’m busy Sentence Type III

23. Treeing I’m busy S NP VP I ‘m‘m MVPADJP busy Sentence Type III Pron

24. What’s the Pattern? Jack and Jill are cousins Their trip to the well was a failure The hill is becoming a jungle Jack and Jill remained friends after their tumble down the hill A. MV tr + Direct object B. MV link + Nominal subj. complement C. MV link + ADJ subj. complement D. MV BE + Nominal subj. complement

25. Type IV: Linking Verb + Nom Subj Comp Sentence contains: Linking Verb AND NP that complements the subject (NP 1 ) AKA  NP 1 + MV link + NP 1 Tests Is the MVP followed by another NP? Does this NP refer to the same entity as the Subj? Is the MV “BE” or substitutable with “BE”? Can “may be classified as” substitute for the MV?

26. Type IV: NP + M V link + Nom Subj Comp Are these sentences Type IV? That paint is the right color The train disappeared into a tunnel Her carrot cake was a dreadful failure

27. Type IV Constructions? (x2) 12341234 A. 1 & 2 B. 2 & 3 C. 3 & 4 D. 2 & 4

28. Diagramming Mario is \ guy____ Mario is a very busy guy Complements the subject busy very a

29. Treeing S NP 1 VP Mario is MVPNP 1 very Mario is a very busy guy abusyguy AdvartAdjN

30. What’s the Pattern? Dave threw the ball to George John saw Bill Three minnows were nibbling her toes Pecan pie enlivens any meal The man had bought a cake for dinner A. MV tr + Direct object B. MV int + Nominal subj. complement C. MV link + ADJ subj. complement D. MV BE + Nominal subj. complement

31. Type V: Transitive Verb + D.O. Sentence is constructed like this: NP 1 + MV tr + NP 2 Subject = Actor Object = Item Acted upon (Receiver of Action) Tests for Direct Object: Who? What? ≠ NP 1

32. Transitive vs. Linking Verbs Transitive verbs: show “action” answer the question 'what.' Dad grew old. Dad was old. This makes sense. In this case “grew” is a linking verb. Dad grew a beard. Dad was a beard. This makes NO sense. In this case “grew” is a transitive verb.

33. Type V Sentence…

34. Diagramming I hate | hour I hate happy hour happy Direct Object

35. Treeing S NP 1 VP I hate MVPNP 2 happy hour ADJ N

36. How many Type V Constructions? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4

37. In your G & C paper… Find as many types as you can… Type I: NP + MV int (+ADV) Type II: NP + MV BE + Adv t/p Type III: NP + MV link + Adj Subj Comp Type IV:NP + M V link + Nom Subj Comp Type V: NP 1 + MV tr + NP 2

38. Analyzing Sentences… …why we should care

39. Error? What sentence type this? How does that relate to the error? The baby’s mother is a king. 1. Find the Error 2. Explain it 3. Fix it

40. Sentence Type She slept a baby in the crib. Hint: MV int doesn’t take an object 1. Find the Error 2. Explain it 3. Fix it

41. Sentence Type At night, the baby’s nurses always speak very quiet. Hints: MV int ADV complement 1. Find the Error 2. Explain it 3. Fix it

42. Sentence Type [Wicked is prototypically an adjective] Knowing that it is an adjective automatically informs that it is describing something. Hints: Type V (Transitive Verb) MV tr requires an object 1. Find the Error 2. Explain it 3. Fix it

43. Comma Usage Never put a single comma between the Subject and Predicate or between the Verb and its complements Use two commas to set off anything that interrupts the Subject and predicate or the Verb and its complements

44. You Tell Me… All contact center technicians work together in a single room, with most of the workspaces around the perimeter. Hint: To comma or not to comma… Confession: This is an error from one of my papers 1. Find the Error 2. Explain it 3. Fix it

45. Diagramming Review NPs & VPs on flat lines Major break between Subject & Predicate Modifiers on slanted lines Subject Complement go on main line after “\” Direct Objects go on main line after “|” \ ____ Adj NP 1 VP Adv Subj Comp. | Adj NP 1 VP Adv NP 2 Adj/Adv Prep Noun

46. Treeing Review Start by writing sentence at the bottom Work up word by word, joining phrases Separate Subject & Predicate with NP // VP S NPVP Art N V Adj The students aresmart S NPVP Art N V Adv The students areupstairs

47. Quiz Tomorrow Review Slides, text & exercises…