1. A New South?: The South, 1877-1900

2. North vs. South in 1861 Wealth: 25% Farmland: 25% Railroad Milage: 29% Factory Production: 9% Population: 29%

3. The South in 1877 Run by Pre-Civil War Elites and Veterans of the Civil War Not Fully Segregated Cotton Dependent Poor

4. The New South: Henry Grady 1886: Henry Grady Calls for a New South

5. Fuel for Industrializing Southern Pride Southern Poverty Provides Labor Inefficiency of Sharecropping

6. Industrialization: 1877-1900 Steel Mills Textiles Tobacco and Soft Drinks –Coca-Cola –Dr. Pepper –Pepsi Railroads

7. Dr. John Pemberton, Inventor of Coca-Cola

8. Problems Limited Growth: 1860-1900 -.2% Per Capita Income: –1860: 72% of National Average –1880: 52% –1920: 62% Low Wages Low Education Spending Capital Problems

9. Growth of Southern Cities Industry and Commerce Better Transportation = More connected to outside Alienation from the countryside

10. Southern Agrarian Revolt The Cotton Trap The Agrarian Revolt: –Lower Interest Credit –Lower Rail Shipping Rates –Lower Food Prices –Lower Necessity Prices –Higher Crop Prices

11. Organized Protest The Grange The Southern Farmer’s Alliance The Colored Farmer’s Alliance Collapse of the Farmer’s Alliances The Populist Party: 1892-6

12. Charles Macune, Leader of the Farmer’s Alliances

13. Women in the New South Limits of Feminism Urban Middle Class Women Church Work Women’s Christian Temperance Union Memorials: United Daughters of the Confedracy (1894) Women’s Clubs

14. 1877-1890: An Uncertain System A New Black Generation White Backlash Lynchmobs –1892: 235 Lynchings –1882-1903: Almost 2000 lynchings –Grew out of confrontations in business and politics

15. Segregation Rising in South, Declining in North Plessy vs. Ferguson (1896, 7-1) –Justice Harlan dissents Jim Crow Laws Voting Disenfranchisement Racism

16. Black Responses Withdrawal to Communal Life Men’s Fraternal and Self-Help Organizations Women’s Clubs

17. Booker T. Washington

18. Booker T. Washington (1856-1915) Emphasized self-improvement, education, industry, and the Black community making itself wealthier Founds Tuskegee Institute George Washington Carver (Director of Agricultural Research) 1895: Atlanta Compromise

19. A Tuskegee Classroom