1. Petroleum Process Engineering Spring 2008

2. Overview Physical Properties Importance and Uses Specifications and Relative Quality EDELEANU Process Today’s Agenda ‘Kerosene’ Petroleum Process Engineering, 2008-20092

3. Kerosene is a water-white liquid first obtained by Abu Baker Al Razi in the 9 th century Known in the UK and South Africa as “Paraffin” and in The US, Canada, and Australia as “Kero” Known in Egypt as “Gas” Overview Petroleum Process Engineering, 2008-20093

4. Sp. Gravity: Average of 0.8 Color: Water-white Range: From C12 to C15 Withdrawal from the tower: Between 170 ˚C-250 ˚C Calorific Value: 45000 J/kg Physical Properties Petroleum Process Engineering, 2008-20094

5. Though its importance has much declined recently, kerosene finds the following applications: 1.Fuel:  Heating and cooking (Stove Kerosene): widely used in Japan for heating (Kerosene Heaters) and in portable stoves (e.g: primus) in some less developed countries Importance and Uses Petroleum Process Engineering, 2008-20095

6. 1.Fuel:  Illumination (Illumination Kerosene): formerly used for lightening purposes (Wick Lamp)  Power Kerosene: Used as a fuel in tractors 2.Others:  Used sometimes as an additive to diesel to prevent waxing at low temperatures  Used to produce LAB, an important petrochemical that is used in detergent industries Importance and Uses Petroleum Process Engineering, 2008-20096

7. 2.Others:  Used to remove lice from hair, though it has been limited since the process is painful and dangerous  Used in fire dancing in some cultural performances  Used to treat pools Of standing water To prevent mosquitoes From breeding  Other minor uses Importance and Uses Petroleum Process Engineering, 2008-20097

8. Like any petroleum fraction, kerosene has some specifications to determine its quality Due to the various uses of kerosene; the concept of relative quality appears The following slides discuss some important specifications for kerosene Specifications Petroleum Process Engineering, 2008-20098

9. 1. Flash Point: ◦ Defined as the minimum temperature at which enough vapors are found to produce a surface of combustion of the fuel when heated in a standard apparatus under standard conditions ◦ This spec is important for light fractions to determine storage and handeling precautions Specifications Petroleum Process Engineering, 2008-20099

10. 1. Flash Point: ◦ The minimum limit for the kerosene flash point in Egypt is 100 ˚F using pensky-martins closed cup apparatus Specifications Petroleum Process Engineering, 2008-200910