1. Ansaldo Ricerche S.p.A. Carbon Dioxide capture Berlin, March 2008

2. Content Ansaldo Ricerche activity synthesis on fuel pre-treatment for energy production CO2 capture schemes and survey on storage possibilities

3. Ansaldo Energia Corporate Chart Ansaldo Ricerche is controlled by Ansaldo Energia, created as a Corporate R&D Center of Ansaldo Energia group.

4. Our mission Within the Power Generation Area, Ansaldo Ricerche is aimed at product development to satisfy needs from industrial customers, research centres, public research programs administration  based upon its know how and experience in high-tech technologies acquired in combustion, electromechanics, power electronics and system integration  to create value through the start-up of new businesses based upon its new products

5. Products development: Gasification and reforming Coal and biomass gasifiers for energy production (700-2500 kWe) gas cleaning and treatment, small-size reformers for different hydrocarbon fuels.

6. Gasification and Reforming CO2 capture:  Pre-combustion  Post combustion

7. Gasification and Reforming Pre-combustion CO2 capture from gasification syngas Power cycle Gasification Pellettized primary fuel Gas engine Desulphuration 120° C Heating Gas cleaning Tar storage W CO 2 separation Condenser Cooling Heating Shift conversion 450°C 250°C Cooling Example of Integration

8. Gasification and Reforming Fixed bed gasifier Relevant topics: Development of fixed gasification technologies for a wide variety of coals, primary biomass and waste Main gasification technology data : Actual internal diameter1.3 m Thermal power1000 ÷ 4000 kW Efficiency> 85% Maximum internal diameter3 m ARI fixed bed gasifier pilot plant. Operative thermal power : 3 MW

9. Gasification and Reforming Bubbling bed gasifier Relevant topics: Development of gasification technologies for fuel with high plastic content Gasifiyng agents air and/or steam oxygen enriched, CO 2, any proportion Main gasification technology data : Actual internal diameter0.4 m Thermal power500 kW Efficiency> 70% ARI fixed bubbling gasifier pilot plant. Operative thermal power : about 0.5 MW

10. Gasification and Reforming Pre-combustion CO2 separation from reformate syngas Schematic view of the system Relevant topics: Hydrophilic, MEA sorbent, Hydrophobic, membrane concept 3Low temperature, high efficiency separation 3Compactness enhanced 3No liquid dragging into the gas phase 3 Noiseless when compared to scrubbing 3 Potential CO2 separation at high pressure Distributor Hydrophobic membrane DPDP Gas inlet Gas outlet MEA pressurized tank P P F F

11. Gasification and Reforming Autothermal oxygen reforming Relevant topics: Pure oxygen reforming using a catalyst resistant to high gradient temperature Fast response to load variation High quality of reformed gas High thermal overall efficiency (up to 80%) Autothermal steam reforming demo plant. Operative electrical equivalent power : about 30 kW

12. Gasification and Reforming Gas treatment Relevant topics: High sulphur resistant catalysts LT shift reactor Examples of single operations: High and low temperature water gas shift

13. Post-combustion CO2 capture processes Amine based solvents Carbonate based adsorbents New materials adsorbents

14. Amine based solvents Continuous absorption of CO2 from combustion gases based on solvent capture Desorption of CO2 from the solvent utilising process steam

15. Carbonate adsorbents Pilot absorption plant This kind of plant operates with two reactors in an alternated manner; when the first reactor is saturated the gas flow is diverted to the second one and the first is regenerated. Energy consumption for regeneration is lower than the amount needed by the liquid sorbents.

16. New materials solid adsorbents Existing capture technologies are relatively unsuitable for wide use. In fact liquid absorbent are energy intensive and expansive. Current solid adsorbents (carbonate based) suffer from low adsorption capacities and lack of stability after extended use. New materials to be utilised as solid adsorbents are under rapid development. For example Hyperbranched Aminosilica seems to be able to capture up to seven time more carbon dioxide than the conventional solid materials. Also the thermal stability is great allowing to recycled numerous times.

17. Survey on CO2 storage possibilities Storage Geological storage Mineral storage Re-use Enhanced oil recovery Enhanced coal bed methane algae

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