1. Inferential Questions
Four categories:
Things and people
Actions
Events
States
There are four categories of inferential questions that can be asked. For example, in math, the operation is inferred but not explicitly stated. Reading between the lines refers to deleting unnecessary information and picking key words that solve the problem.

2. 1. Things and People
What effect does the fairy godmother’s visit have on Cinderella’s life?
Review example

3. 2. Actions
How did Cinderella feel after the ball?
Review example

4. 3. Events
What is the significance of the ball?
Review example

5. 4. States
The fairy godmother changed Cinderella’s outside appearance. What changes probably occurred in the way she felt inside?
Review example

6. Analytic Questions Three Skills: Analyzing Errors Constructing Support
Analyzing Perspectives
Analytical questions can help students do 3 different types of things.

7. 1. Analyzing Errors
If you assume “good wins over evil” as the logic of this story, how might this reasoning be misleading? Use your knowledge of the world to guide your thinking.
Review example

8. 2. Constructing Support
You are Cinderella. What is your argument with your stepmother about why you should go to the ball?
Review example

9. 3. Analyzing Perspectives
Why would someone consider the stepmother to be good? What is your reasoning to support your answer?
Review example

10. Recommendations for Classroom Practice on Advance Organizers
Use all 4 types of advance organizers
Expository
Narrative
Skimming
Graphic
Not the only types
Advance organizers come in many formats
The recommendation that has come from the McREL research regarding AOs is that teachers should use multiple types of AOs and 4 are specifically targeted. Be aware these aren’t the only types and there are literally hundreds of different types of formats that can be used.

11. Expository Describes content Written or oral
Can include text and/or pictures
Helps see patterns
Example:
Neurons are nerve cells that transmit nerve signals to and from the brain at up to 200 mph. The neuron consists of a cell body (or soma) with branching dendrites (signal receivers) and a projection called an axon, which conduct the nerve signal.
The axon, a long extension of a nerve cell, and take information away from the cell body.
Myelin coats and insulates the axon increasing transmission speed along the axon.
The cell body (soma) contains the neuron's nucleus (with DNA and typical nuclear organelles). Dendrites branch from the cell body and receive messages.
Expository AOs just describe new content. They can be written or oral, can include text and/or pictures. The purpose is to help students see patterns.
As a reminder, with all AOs- should emphasize important content, not the strange or fantastic.
Here is one example of a neuron that includes both text and a picture.
Another example could be that a PE teacher wants to show an instructional video about playing cricket. She knows students will focus on peculiarities of the game and how it is different from the sports they know. To make sure they attend to the game, she gives them an expository AO- one that focuses on how to play the game , the equipment needed, number of players etc.

12. Narrative Story format Makes personal connections Makes seem familiar
Example:
Before beginning a unit about the experience of immigrant groups who moved to the U.S., Mr. Anderson told the story of his grandfather, who immigrated from Sweden.
This type of AO helps students make personal, or real-world connections with the new content. Stories can make something distant or unfamiliar - such as a time in history, a scientific discovery, or a complex math concept- seem personal and familiar.
Stories stimulate students’ thinking and helps them make personal connections to new information.
Another example is suppose students in a social studies class are studying the concepts of perspective, motive or bias and how to interpret and use primary documents. The teacher might share a personal story about a particular motive or bias she has experienced in her life.

13. Skimming
Preview important information quickly by noting what stands out in headings and highlighted information
Pre-reading questions or SQ3R (survey, question, read, recite, review) can be helpful before skimming
Example:
When beginning a new lesson, gives students 60 seconds to skim an article paying close attention to headings, subheadings, and the first sentence of each paragraph.
This helps students become aware of what information they will be learning when they read the article more carefully.
This is a powerful form of AO. Students are asked to focus on and note what stands out in headings, subheadings, and highlighted information. Expository information is especially good for skimming because textbooks, articles and informative texts commonly include headings, bold terms, pictures with captions, inset quotations, and other helpful clues about the information presented.
Need to understand that headings, subheadings, bold terms- provide the outline of the content. Need practice using these text features.

14. Graphic Organizers
Type of nonlinguistic representation which visually represents what the students will learn
Examples:
Graphic organizers should be used when information is unfamiliar to students and when relationships among the pieces of information are complex. Present GOs with much if not all of the information filled in. Helps students develop familiarity with information and the relationships among the pieces of information before the formal presentation begins.
If you feel students are able to understand new information on their own, you can provide a blank organizer. This provides students with conceptual hooks on which students can hang their ideas.
Here is an example of a network tree where students identify a main idea and related facts.

15. Graphic Organizers-More Examples
Find words that rhyme:
Inverted Triangle (going from general to specific):
Here are 2 other types of graphic organizers. There are hundreds of them (do an internet sometime on graphic organizer).
Please note that while most of us were probably picturing graphic organizers when we began talking about advance organizers, GOs are only one type of AO.
There's hundreds!!!!

16. Graphic Organizer Activity
Your 1st grade class has just completed a field trip to the Cypress Swamp.
Their task is to write an “essay” describing a Cypress Swamp.
Facilitate this activity. As a class, complete a web as a pre-writing activity. Have class offer facts they know about cypress swamps. After the web is complete, tell class at this point, the students would use the information from the web to construct their essay (info the learned on the field trip has just been “organized” into an easy to use & accessible format instead of all jumbled up in their brains).
Fyi for the trainer:
Cypress swamp vegetation:
canopy vegetation with Spanish moss
bald cypress
water tupelo trees
pond cypress
black gum trees
pine trees and hardwoods in drought conditions
Dominant understory vegetation included fetterbush, wax myrtle, and buttonbush shrubs.
Herbs and ferns including duckweed, pipewort, and lizard tail are present in the understory as well.
orchids
Animals:
highly endangered Florida panther
wood stork
alligator
Characteristics:
submerged underwater for most of the year
Winter is the dry season here and the coolest
Cypress
Swamp