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29.2 Nervous System and Neurons

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1 29.2 Nervous System and Neurons
Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 47 Topic: 29.2 Nervous System and Neurons Essential Question(s): Draw and label a neuron on pg. 46 in picture bubble map format. 29.2 Nervous System and Neurons 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules KEY CONCEPT The nervous system is composed of highly specialized cells.

2 KEY CONCEPT The nervous system is composed of highly specialized cells.

3 Make up an information network (Like the internet)
Neurons (aka nerve cells)are cells that can store information and send and receive messages within the nervous system. Make up an information network (Like the internet) Cell body axon neurotransmitter Dendrites

4 Neurons are highly specialized cells.
A neuron has three parts. 1. cell body has nucleus and organelles 1 Cell body

5 Neurons are highly specialized cells.
A neuron has three parts. 1. cell body has nucleus and organelles 2. dendrites receive messages from neighboring cells 2 dendrites

6 Neurons are highly specialized cells.
A neuron has three parts. 1. cell body has nucleus and organelles 2. dendrites receive messages from neighboring cells 3. axon carries messages to other cells Specialized support cells- such as the myelin sheath- insulate neurons’ axons and helps them send messages 3 axon

7 Synapse: Gaps between neurons

8 Neurotransmitters: Chemical signals released by neurons
Neurotransmitters: Chemical signals released by neurons. Carry information from neuron to neuron. Neurotransmitters

9 Action Potential: Electrical impulse that carries messages
Dendrites receive action potential

10 NEURON

11 NEURON

12 NEURON

13 NEURON

14 NEURON

15 NEURON

16 NEURON

17 NEURON

18 NEURON Dendrites of next neuron

19 Axon terminal: releases neurotransmitters (chemical signals)
Synapse (gap) Axon terminal Dendrites of next neuron

20 NEURON Draw and label this neuron on p. 46: Neurotransmitters Synapse
Cell body axon Myelin sheath Dendrites Axon terminal Action potential

21 Neurons transmit information in the form of electrical and chemical impulses
When a neuron is stimulated, it produces an electrical signal (action potential) within that neuron Before it can move to the next cell it changes into a chemical signal (neurotransmitter) You react

22 Electrical Impulse reaches terminal.

23 Electrical Impulse reaches terminal.

24 Electrical Impulse reaches terminal.
Neurotransmitters (chemicals) release into synapse. synapse impulse neurotransmitter vesicles receptor

25 Electrical Impulse reaches terminal.
Neurotransmitters (chemicals) release into synapse. Neurotransmitters stimulate next cell. synapse impulse neurotransmitter vesicles receptor

26 How does the structure of a neuron make it effective in carrying out the functions of the nervous system?

27 How does the structure of a neuron make it effective in carrying out the functions of the nervous system? Neurons have long extensions called axons, which allow messages to be carried long distances without having to pass the signal to another cell.

28 Types of Neurons Picture Tree Map
Sensory Neurons Interneurons Motor Neurons Function Location Function Location Function Location

29 There are 3 types of neurons:
Sensory neurons Interneurons Motor neurons

30 The dendrites of these neurons act as sensory receptors
1. Sensory Neurons: The dendrites of these neurons act as sensory receptors Function: They gather information and carry impulses into the brain and spinal cord Located in PNS Outside: Light & Sound Intensities Inside: Temperature Oxygen Levels pH Levels

31 2)Interneurons: Receive signals from sensory neurons and relay them within the brain and spinal cord Function: Process and interpret messages in the CNS Located in CNS

32 3)Motor neurons: Pass messages from the central nervous system to the other tissues in the body, such as muscles Function: Carry nerve impulses out of the brain or spinal cord to effectors Effectors: muscles and glands Located in the PNS.

33 Key: Motor Neurons Effectors Receptors Sensory Neurons Interneurons
1._______________ 2. ________________ 3. ______________ 4. _____________ 5._____________

34 2. Sensory Neurons 3. Interneurons 4. Motor Neurons 1. Receptors
5. Effectors

35 In a nutshell…. The nervous system can: Detect changes in the body
Make decisions based on the info received Stimulate muscles and/or glands to respond Counteract changes to maintain homeostasis

36 Neurons (nerve cells) are cells that can store information and send and receive messages.
In a paragraph, hypothesize how drug or alcohol use might affect neurons?


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