1. GEO ADC meeting, Geneva, May 2008 Slide # 1 DA-07-03 DA-07-03 Virtual Constellations Ivan Petiteville, CEOS GEO ADC Meeting, Geneva, May. 2008

2. GEO ADC meeting, Geneva, May 2008 Slide # 2 Task Description Development of Virtual Constellations within CEOS framework in consultation with User Communities Objectives: –Improve the temporal, spatial and spectral coverage & resolution as well as data management and dissemination –Satisfy the requirements and objectives of the GEO SBAs

3. GEO ADC meeting, Geneva, May 2008 Slide # 3 Current CEOS Constellations Precipitation, which aims to strengthen international cooperation on space- based observations of precipitation, including realisation of the GPM mission and providing guidance to new; Land-Surface Imaging, designed to ensure the relevant synergy with High Resolution Multispectral Imager Continuity; Ocean Surface Topography, designed to ensure continuity of Sea Level measurement in accordance with GCOS requirements; Atmospheric Chemistry, which will address many of the needs for atmospheric observations of the climate community; All 4 constellations reported significant progress since 2007 CEOS Plenary (Nov. 07)

4. GEO ADC meeting, Geneva, May 2008 Slide # 4 Future Potential Constellations Virtual Constellations White Paper –On-going disagreement between CEOS Agencies on the last version presented at SIT-21 Two new candidates –Ocean Color Radiometry and Ocean Surface Wind Vectors –Presented at SIT-21 –Authorized by CEOS to proceed with generation of full proposals (next 3 months) –Subject to final approval by CEOS (Nov. 08 at latest)

5. GEO ADC meeting, Geneva, May 2008 Slide # 5 CEOS-GEO Actions per SBA 1/3 of CEOS actions address more than one SBA Cross-cutting nature of CEOS Actions

6. GEO ADC meeting, Geneva, May 2008 Slide # 6 CEOS Actions per Constellations ACC: 13 actions incl. 6 cat. 1 – supporting 6 SBAs (8 GEO Tasks) LSI: 17 actions incl. 6 cat. 1 –supporting 4 SBAs (8 GEO Tasks) OST: 7 actions incl. 4 cat. 1 –supporting 5 SBAs (6 GEO Tasks) PC: 15 actions incl. 7 cat. 1 –supporting 5 SBAs (6 GEO Tasks) Cross-cutting nature of constellations Important contribution of constellations

7. GEO ADC meeting, Geneva, May 2008 Slide # 7 Precipitation Status Status as presented at SIT-21 (Apr. 08) Progress since 21st CEOS Plenary (Nov. 07) –7th GPM International Planning Workshop, 5-7 December 2007 –U.S.- Japan PC Study Team Meeting, 7 December 2007 –X-Calibration Working Group (WG) Meeting (in coordination with WMO CGMS/GSICS) –CEOS SIT Chair Tag Up, 20 February 2008 –SIT CEOS-GEO Workshop, 20-22 February 2008 –3rd GPM International Ground Validation (GV) Workshop –Moving GPM from formulation to implementation phase at NASA and JAXA –Several future plans prepared: CEOS PC IP v0.4, CEOS PC 2008 Plan v2.4

8. GEO ADC meeting, Geneva, May 2008 Slide # 8 Land-Surface Imaging: Status Status as presented at SIT-21 (Apr. 08) Progress since 21st CEOS Plenary (Nov. 07) –Participated in the CEOS Space Component Contributions to GEOSS exercise –Declaration of intent signed by 7 out of 8 agencies to cooperate more fully –Three follow-up agreements drafted. Not signed by anyone yet. –Preliminary standards developed for future LSI systems –Draft agreement prepared to provide data to Forest Resources Assessment for 2010 (FRA2010). –Draft agreement prepared to provide data to fill gaps to FRA2010. –Held a LSI Constellation Study Team meeting. Review and reflect on 2007 activities. Look strategically at LSI Constellation activities. Define a strong, but achievable 2008 Work Plan. –Prepared a LSI Constellation 2008 Work Plan. Complete unfinished tasks from 2007. Initiate a new radar focus area. Compile regional data sets over selected areas. Compile a 2010 global mid- resolution dataset.

9. GEO ADC meeting, Geneva, May 2008 Slide # 9 Ocean Surface Topography: Status (1/2) Status as presented at SIT-21 (Apr. 08) Goals of the OST Constellation: – implement a sustained, systematic capability to observe the surface topography of the global oceans –address global sea level rise and the role of oceans in climate, as well as support operational forecasting. Approach: –maintain continuity of the high-accuracy Jason altimetry time series; maintain continuity with altimeters on at least two complementary, high-inclination satellites, and extend the capability of altimetry to denser observational coverage through the development of swath altimetry.

10. GEO ADC meeting, Geneva, May 2008 Slide # 10 Ocean Surface Topography: Status (2/2) Progress since 21st CEOS Plenary (Nov. 07) –Altimeter missions in orbit Jason & ENVISAT – performing well GFO – power too low in eclipse; reaction wheel too hot in full sun –Missions in development OSTM/Jason-2 – OK for launch 15 June 2007 CryoSat-2 – good progress for launch in 2009 SARAL – CNES payload due Sept/Oct, launch late 2009/early 2010 HY-2A – CNES/SOA negotiations re: DORIS; launch in June 2010 Sentinel-3A – good progress for launch in 2012 –Missions in planning Jason-3 – EUMETSAT, NOAA, CNES, ESA & EC need to resolve approach and seek funding for an OSTM/Jason-2 follow-on OST Constellation Workshop (29-31 Jan 2007) developed 15-year strategy; Invitation to Tender issued for a Missions Requirements Document for the Constellation Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) – Workshop on Mesoscale Oceanic Processes: Explorations with Wide-Swath Interferometry Radar Altimetry, 28-30 April 2008, at Scripps; NASA/CNES Feasibility Study to start shortly

11. GEO ADC meeting, Geneva, May 2008 Slide # 11 Atmospheric Chemistry: Status Status as presented at SIT-21 (Apr. 08) Progress since 21st CEOS Plenary (Nov. 07) –4 near term projects to demonstrate the Constellation concept. Projects involve five of its international partners using seven different instruments. Projects were selected for near term results and aligned with GEO SBAs. The 4 projects are: Pollution prediction using Envisat and Aura: Health/Air Quality (NOAA lead). Aircraft volcanic ash warning using Envisat and Aura: Hazards (ESA lead). Smoke prediction from biomass burning using Aura, Aqua, CALIPSO: Hazard and Health (NASA lead). Algorithm and cal/val collaboration between GoSAT (JAXA) and OCO (NASA): Climate (WGCV Lead). –Requirements and Gap Analysis underway; draft report expected (Jun. 08) –Longer term projects will engage more satellites and international partners focused toward GCOS Climate objectives. Planning with CSA, JAXA, ESA, and EC (NASA lead for now) Climate. –All projects engage WGCV, WGISS and the SEO. Plan to engage WGEdu.

12. GEO ADC meeting, Geneva, May 2008 Slide # 12 Precipitation Report (CEOS Plenary) SBA Requirements and Measurements GEO 2007-2009 Work PlanGEOSS 2-year PlanGEOSS 6-year PlanGEOSS 10-year Plan Water Water flux information Water storage information Radiation and energy budget AR-06-10: GPM WA-06-02: Forecast Models for Drought and Water Resource Management WA-07-02: Satellite Water Quantity measurements and Integration with in situ data 44: Plan for 3 hourly global precipitation products 43: Implementation plan for water cycle data integration system 45: Integrated precip. and soil moisture products (IGOS-P) 156: GPM & Missions for surface & subsurface water stores 142: Produce new products for precipitation 146: Test a fully integrated prototype data system with assimilation, analysis & visualization Operational integrated data system WeatherPrecipitation WE-06-01: Surface-based Global Observing System for Weather 53: Invest in critical data gaps (precipitation) 159: Support WMO activities to improve data observation & models of severe weather events & associated early warning systems New observation systems to cover specific observations Ecosyste m Precipitation, water and soil salinity, soil moisture, river discharge pattern EC-06-01: Integrated Global Carbon Observation 59: Implement IGOS Carbon observing system 67: Study new sensors and platforms 163: Implement global nitrogen obs system Agricult ure Water stress, drought risk, irrigated area, wetland AG-06-01: GEOSS Agriculture Strategic Plan AG-07-02: Agricultural Risk Management 72: Use of geo-sat data in food-insecure regions 74: Global irrigated agriculture map & monitoring 171: Establish role of satellite data in global farming systems database 174: On-time monitoring and info sys for significant events 167: Analytical tools and methods for agriculture risk assessment On-time monitor and info sys for significant event for land degradation and desertification

13. GEO ADC meeting, Geneva, May 2008 Slide # 13 LSI Report (CEOS Plenary) SBAScience and MeasurementsGEO 2007-2009 Work PlanGEOSS 2-year TargetsGEOSS 6-year TargetsGEOSS 10-year Targets Water Water Flux & Storage Information: evapotranspiration; lake & reservoir extent/level; snow cover, glaciers, ice cap Radiation & Energy Budget: albedo; surface emissivity & temperature Other Information: topography, vegetation type; land use/land change WA-06-02: Forecast Models for Drought & Water Resource Management WA-07-01: Global Water Quality Monitoring WA-07-02: Satellite Water Quantity Measurements & Integration with In-situ Data Collaborative mechanism between observations and research communities. Ecosystems Ecosystem Extent, Composition, Structure, & Function: habitat types; LAI; biomass; canopy Human Drivers: harvest intensity; lake eutrophic zones Disturbance: burned areas; pest & disease outbreaks; river discharge patterns EC-06-01: Integrated Global Carbon Observation (IGCO) EC-06-02: Ecosystem Classification EC-06-07: Regional Networks for Ecosystems EC-07-01: Global Ecosystem Observation & Monitoring Network Implement IGOS Carbon observing system. Continuity of moderate to high-resolution EO satellites for land cover. Study new sensors and platforms. Global ecosystem mapping at 500m resolution. Establish the role of satellite data in global farming systems database. Continuity of high-resolution imagery for monitoring logging in key biologically diverse regions. Monitoring of urban ecosystems. Agriculture Food Security: crop area; crop condition; crop yield Timber, Fuel, & Fiber: burned area, topography, forest area Grazing Systems: rangeland area; topography; land quality AG-06-01: GEOSS Agriculture Strategic Plan AG-06-02: Data Utilization in Aquaculture AG-06-03: Forest Mapping & Monitoring AG-07-01: Improving Measurements of Biomass AG-07-02: Agriculture Risk Management AG-07-03: Operational Agricultural Monitoring System Land cover mapping of 1:1M. Establish basis for continuity of high-resolution optical and radar satellites. Global land cover product at 1:500,000. Global production capabilities: Land cover observations for 1:250,000; Land use observations for 1:500,000. Fully integrated observation system for on-time drought Early Warning System for food- insecure regions. Biodiversity Conservation: location and area of ecosystems Invasive Species: vegetation type; vegetation stress; impact extent Natural Resources: land cover; topography; vegetation stress BI-06-03: Capturing Historical Biodiversity Data BI-07-01: Biodiversity Observation Network BI-07-02: Invasive Species Monitoring System Develop observation strategies to support 2010 Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) targets.

14. GEO ADC meeting, Geneva, May 2008 Slide # 14 OST Report (CEOS Plenary) SBAs Science & Measurements GEO 2007-2009 Work Plan GEOSS 2-year Targets GEOSS 6-year Targets GEOSS 10-year Targets Climate Role of the Oceans in Climate: Provide observations of oceanic variability from weeks to decades to assess its role in climate system. CL-06-02. Key Climate Data from Satellites. CL-06-06: Global Ocean Observations. CL-07-07: Seamless Weather & Climate Prediction. Support sea-level network. Establish operational & research collaboration. Emphasize long- term monitoring. Strengthen operational & research collaboration. Do global sea-level analyses. Link with socio-economic information. Develop strategy for observations, assimilation, and modeling. Advance monitoring and predicting climate. Weather Hurricanes & Storm Surge: Provide ocean observations to forecast hurricanes, storm surge, and sea state. WE-06-02: Space-based Global Observing for Weather. Facilitate filling gaps in oceanic observations to improve forecasting severe weather. Advocate better observations & improve models to forecast severe weather. Facilitate new observing systems to meet a broad range of forecast needs. Disasters Sea-Level Rise: Provide estimates of rate & acceleration in sea-level rise to define flood-prone areas. DI-06-07: Multi-hazard Zonation & Maps. DI-06-09: Use of Satellites for Risk Management. Advocate improvement of hazard zonation maps. Plan for continuity of satellite altimetry & real-time data access. Facilitate expansion and integration of regional projects. Health Seasonal & Interannual (S&I) Anomalies: Provide oceanic observations to link with human health. HE-07-01: Strengthen Observation and Information Systems for Health. Facilitate provision of historical data for use as precursors for today's human health Facilitate use of existing satellite data to associate with health parameters. Facilitate early detection of environmental risks to human health by timely data sharing. Energy S&I Anomalies: Provide oceanic observations to link with atmospheric temperature anomalies. EN-06-04: Using New Observing Systems for Energy. EN-0-01: Management of Energy Sources. Facilitate use of existing data and forecast information with the energy community. Facilitate timely acess to and use of improved weather/climate products. Provide operational observations. Advocate new weather/climate forecast models. Water S&I Anomalies: Provide oceanic observations to link with atmospheric precipitation anomalies. WA-06-02: Drought & Water Resource Forecasts. WA- 07-02: Integrate In-situ & Satellite Data. Evaluate altimetry for observing stream flow & surface water storage. Develop altimetry for observing stream flow & surface water storage. Understand relationships between oceanic variability and flood & droughts. Agricultur e S&I Anomalies: Provide oceanic observations to link with atmospheric temperature anomalies. AG-07-03: Agricultural Risk Management. Facilitate defining agricultural user needs for ocean observations. Advocate development of tools for agricultural risk assessment. Facilitate the development of observations for drought early- warning.

15. GEO ADC meeting, Geneva, May 2008 Slide # 15 Atmospheric Report (CEOS Plenary)