1. Between One and Many: The Art and Science of Public Speaking Ch. 2: Managing Speech Anxiety

2. Managing Speech Anxiety Speech Anxiety: the unpleasant thoughts and feelings aroused by the anticipation of a real or imagined speech in public. Communication Apprehension: Fear about communicating regardless of the situation.

3. The Psychology Behind Speech Anxiety Fight or Flight A set of physiological changes (physical arousal) to mobilize the body in response to stress.  Definition is from the American Heritage Stedman's Medical Dictionary High and low levels of physical arousal tend to result in a lower level of performance.

4. Why People Become Anxious There are 3 levels in which anxiety develops: Before the Speech During the Speech After the Speech

5. Managing Anxiety Before Speaking Uncertainty Uncertainty of the speaking situation and the audience. This is the chief cause of anxiety and arousal for speakers. Inadequate Preparation and Practice Choose a topic that interests you. Be overprepared. Negative or Insufficient Experience It takes time and effort to learn any skill properly. Be willing to look past the negative and focus on positive experiences/influences.

6. Managing Anxiety Before Speaking Perception Positive vs. Negative Perception affects out level of physical arousal Self-Efficacy: The belief that you have the knowledge and skills to perform a task. Will the people I'm speaking to support and encourage me? Unrealistic Goals

7. Managing Anxiety Before Speaking Negative Self-Talk Self-criticizing Self-pressuring Catastrophizing Focusing on Grades Focus on the process of developing and giving a speech and the grade will come naturally from there.

8. Managing Anxiety Before Speaking Visual Imagery Relaxation Techniques Exercise Relaxation Imagery Muscular Relaxation Combine Techniques

9. Managing Anxiety While Speaking Perception of the Audience Don’t read too much into feedback or overreact to feedback. Appearance Self-Talk Use positive statements and constructive advice for improving your speech.

10. Managing Anxiety After the Speech Take a minute to relax and take a few deep breaths Wait some before mentally reviewing your presentation. Make notes on the feedback you get. Make a list, within 24 hours, that include things you did well at and areas where you can improve.