1. ! What you should know !  1.) What two things are now used to explain the world?  2.) Did the philosophes favor an Absolute Monarchy?  3.) Montesquieu developed what idea for government…?

2. The Enlightenment: THE PHILOSOPHES

3. Enlightenment  The age of REASON and Scientific Thought  Helped people understand how the world worked  Natural Laws –KNOW THIS!! If there are natural laws that govern nature (world), then there must be natural laws that govern PEOPLE. LAWS YOU ARE BORN WITH.

4. Philosophes  Thinkers and writers during the Enlightenment  Preached against wrongs of society and oppressive governments (absolute monarchs)

5.  Challenged Kings  Wrote books  Changed religion  Explained nature

6. Logic and Reason can explain all things

7. Thoughts on GOD God created and left nature to rule

8. Thoughts on Government Man is free

9. Thoughts of Nature Things are meant to be studied.

10. Thomas Hobbes Life Span: 1588-1679 Background: English “Life is Solitary, Poor, Nasty, Brutish, and Short….”

11.  People sign a social contract  People give up freedoms for safety  Wrote Leviathan

12. John Locke Life Span: 1632-1704 Background: English

13.  All people have right to life, liberty and property  People have right to overthrow a bad government  Two Treatises of Govt.

14. Voltaire Life Span: 1694-1778 Background: French

15.  Fought for freedom of speech and religion

16. Rousseau Life Span: 1712-1778 Background: Geneva (located in today’s Switzerland)

17.  Government must have permission of people  Direct Democracy best govt.

18. Montesquieu Life Span: 1689-1775 Background: French

19.  Separation of Powers and Checks and Balances were needed

20. All of these ideas led to three revolutions 1.American 2.French 3.Latin American

21. ! What you should know !  1.) What two things are now used to explain the world?  2.) Did the philosophes favor an Absolute Monarchy?  3.) Montesquieu developed what idea for government…?

22. Thomas Hobbes John Locke Compare Hobbes and Locke Pgs 446-447 Read each topic below and put it carefully in the correct column to which it belongs. Two main philosophers that have affected the world, even today, were Thomas Hobbes and John Locke. Read each topic below and put it carefully in the correct column to which it belongs. 1. people choose leader to avoid danger2. natural condition is to have conflict 3. own property is a right not to be given up4. only the strong survive 5. wrote Leviathan6. people act on self-interests 7. only right of people is to protect themselves 8. rulers should preserve rights 9. wrote Two Treatises of Government10. natural condition is to have freedom 11. people give up liberty for safety12. governments exist to protect rights 13. people have right to change governments 14. ruler can not limit natural rights 15. governments need permission from people 16. people make unwritten social contract with government