1. CHAPTER 13 The Reformations of Religion The West Encounters and Transformations Levack/Muir/Veldman/Maas Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

2. Chapter 13: The Reformations of Religion Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 I. Causes of the Reformation II. The Lutheran Reformation III. The Diversity of Protestantism IV. The Catholic Reformation V. The Reformation in the Arts

3. Chapter 13: The Reformations of Religion Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 I. Causes of the Reformation A. Fractures in the Church Babylonian Captivity (1305-1378) Great Schism (1378-1417) Council of Constance, 1414-1417 Council of Basel, 1431-1449 Eugeneus IV (1431-1447) Modern Devotion Brethren of the Common Life Imitation of Christ, 1441 B. Print Revolution Gutenberg Bible Universities proliferate libraries, silent reading Martin Luther 300,000 copies of his writings C. The Northern Renaissance and the Christian Humanists The Bible and philology Desiderius Erasmus (c.1469-1536) Handbook for the Militant Christian The Praise of Folly, 1514 Thomas More (1478-1535) Utopia, 1516

4. Chapter 13: The Reformations of Religion Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 II. The Lutheran Reformation A. The Break with Rome Martin Luther (1483-1546) monk professor Justification by faith Free will Ninety-Five Theses Leo X, new St. Peter's Albrecht of Mainz, bishop Sale of Indulgences John Tetzel (1470-1519) Theses printed, circulated 1519, debate at Leipzig Johann Eck Writings German Freedom of a Christian, 1520 To the Christian Nobility of the German Nation, 1520

5. Chapter 13: The Reformations of Religion Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 II. The Lutheran Reformation A. The Break with Rome Diet of Worms, 1521 Charles V (1519-1558) ordered to recant B. The Lutheran Reformation Women improved role at first Peasants' Revolt, 1524-1526 Luther's Against the Thieving, Murdering Hordes of Peasants, 1525 Schmalkaldic League, 1531 1552, Charles V defeated by Protestants Peace of Augsburg, 1555 cuius region, eius religio

6. Chapter 13: The Reformations of Religion Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 III. The Diversity of Protestantism Diet of Speyer, 1529 Magisterial Reformation official Radical Reformation A. Switzerland 13 cantons Zurich Ulrich Zwingli (1484-1531) church and state Philip of Hesse (1504-1567) 1529, Marburg Colloquy Geneva John Calvin (1509-1564) 1533, exiled from France City council and clergy Predestination the Elect Institutes of the Christian Religion, 1535

7. Chapter 13: The Reformations of Religion Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 III. The Diversity of Protestantism B. Britain Tudor dynasty, from 1485 Henry VIII (1509-1547) Catherine of Aragon Mary Anne Boleyn Clement VII (1523-1534) Thomas Cranmer (1489-1556) Thomas Cromwell (c. 1485-1540) 1534, Acts of Supremacy and Succession Thomas Starkey (c.1499-1538) Apologist John Fisher (c.1469-1535), Thomas More executed Edward VI (1547-1553) minor Reform progresses (B. Britain) Mary I (1553-1558) return to Catholicism Elizabeth I (1558-1603) Elizabethan Settlement, 1559-1563 Anglican Church 39 Articles, 1571 William Cecil (1520-1598) Richard Hooker (1553-1600) Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity Scotland Mary Stuart (1542-1587) 1561, returns to Scotland Church of Scotland John Knox (1514-1572) Book of Common Order, 1564

8. Chapter 13: The Reformations of Religion Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 III. The Diversity of Protestantism C. The Radical Reformation Anabaptists adult baptism social reform proscribed Münster, 1534-1535 John of Leiden Menno Simons (1496-1561) Mennonites protects Anabaptists Spiritualists Caspar Schwenckfeld (1490-1561) Society of Friends (Quakers) Unitarians Faustus Socinus (1539-1604) Christ as man Michael Servetus (1511-1553) D. Eastern Europe Toleration Bohemia Husites Hungary Transylvania István Báthory (1571-1586) Unitarians permitted, 1572 Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth Sigismund August (1548-1572) great toleration

9. Chapter 13: The Reformations of Religion Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 IV. The Catholic Reformation A. Religious Orders Jesuits 1534, Parisian students 1540, Society of Jesus Ignatius Loyala (1491-1556) elected General Spiritual Exercises, 1548 Colleges 372 by 1615 Teresa of Avila (1515-1582) Autobiography, 1611 Interior Castle, 1588 B. Paul III (1534-1549) Holy Office of the Inquisition Index of Forbidden Books C. Council of Trent, 1545-1563 seminaries

10. Chapter 13: The Reformations of Religion Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 V. The Reformation in the Arts A. Iconoclasm B. Counter Reformation Art Michelangelo The Last Judgment, 1534-1541 C. Sacred Music "A Mighty Fortress is Our God“ Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750) Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina (c.1525-1594)