1. VACciNES

2. VACCINES
Substance that upon injection into an animal, stimulate an immune response
2 main types
Modified-live
Killed

3. MODIFIED-LIVE
Altered forms of specific antigens that are similar enough to the original disease-causing agent to cause a strong immune response without causing the disease

4. KILLED
Disease-causing agents that are inactivated by heat, chemical or mechanical means.
Immunity developed is generally weaker than a modified-live
Possibility that animal is allergic to compound used to destroy the disease-causing agent

5. DISEASES TO VACCINATE FOR
DOGS
Bordetella (kennel cough)
Coronavirus
Distemper
Infectious hepatitis
Leptospirosis
Lyme disease
Parainfluenza
Parvovirus
rabies
CATS
Feline calicivirus
Feline leukemia virus
Feline viral rhinotracheitis
Panleukopenia
rabies

6. MEDICATION

7. ROUTES OF ADMINISTRATION
Different ways of administering based on type of medication and how fast the animal needs to get it
Pill for heartworms can be given orally; drug to prevent shock should be given IV since it is a life or death situation

8. COMMON ROUTES Oral Nasal SubQ-subcutaneous (under the skin)
IM-intramuscular (in the muscle)
IP-intraperitoneal (in the abdominal cavity)
IV-intravenous (in the vein)
Most are given SubQ or IM

9. Routes of Administration
Nasal
Sub-Q (subcutaneous)
Oral
IM (intramuscular)
IP(intraperitoneal)
IV (intravenous)

10. NEEDLES & SYRINGES

11. NEEDLES & SYRINGES Come in many shapes & sizes
Need to be familiar with them so the appropriate type and size are used for every procedure

12. NEEDLES Different sizes called, gauges Common gauges
Smaller the gauge, larger the needle
Common gauges
16, 18, 20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 27
Large gauge (16, 18, 20)
Horses, Swine, Cattle
Small gauge (21, 22, 23, 25, 27)
Cats, Dogs, Exotics

15. SYRINGES Come in various sizes, most common
Insulin, 1, 3, 5, 12, 20, 35, 60 ml
1 ml are called tuberculin syringes
Smallest syringe is the insulin-comes with attached needles and are measured in units

17. SYRINGE TIP Leur-Lok tip-has a threaded tip to hold needle securely
Slip tip-this is the standard syringe tip
Eccentric tip-used to administer angle for IV injections
Catheter tip-used to administer oral medications and liquefied food

19. FILLING A SYRINGE
Should have no air bubbles (can cause disturbances in blood circulation and even death)
Should be filled to correct amount