1. CHAPTER 8 REACTIONS IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS

2. CHEMICAL EQUATIONS AND REACTIONS TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS
Synthesis Reactions (Compositions Reactions): A + X  AX
examples
Fe + S  FeS
2 Ca + O2  2CaO

3. CHEMICAL EQUATIONS AND REACTIONS TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS
Decomposition Reactions -- 6 TYPES (memorize)
1. metallic carbonate  metallic oxide + carbon dioxide
CaCO3  CaO + CO2 (g)
Na2CO3  Na2O + CO2 (g)

4. CHEMICAL EQUATIONS AND REACTIONS TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS
Decomposition Reactions -- (continued)
2. metallic hydroxide  metallic oxide + water
Mg(OH) 2  MgO + H2O (g)
2NaOH  Na2O + H2O (g)

5. CHEMICAL EQUATIONS AND REACTIONS TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS
Decomposition Reactions -- (continued)
3. metallic chlorate  metallic chloride + oxygen
2 KClO3  2 KCl + 3 O2

6. CHEMICAL EQUATIONS AND REACTIONS TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS
Decomposition Reactions -- (continued)
4. acid  nonmetallic oxide + water
H2CO3  CO2 (g) + H2O

7. CHEMICAL EQUATIONS AND REACTIONS TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS
Decomposition Reactions -- (continued)
Some oxides decompose
2 HgO  2 Hg + O2 (g)

8. CHEMICAL EQUATIONS AND REACTIONS TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS
Decomposition Reactions -- (continued)
electrolysis – separation by electric current
2 NaCl  2 Na + Cl2 (g)
2 H2O  2 H2 + O2 (g)

9. CHEMICAL EQUATIONS AND REACTIONS TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS
Single – Replacement Reactions FOUR TYPES
Metal in a compound replaced by more active metal
Zn + CuSO4  ZnSO4 + Cu

10. CHEMICAL EQUATIONS AND REACTIONS TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS
Single – Replacement Reactions FOUR TYPES
Hydrogen in water replaced by active metal
2 Na + 2H2O 2NaOH + H2

11. CHEMICAL EQUATIONS AND REACTIONS TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS
Single – Replacement Reactions FOUR TYPES
Hydrogen in acid replaced by metal
Zn + H2SO4 ZnSO4 + H2 (g)
metal + acid  metallic compound + hydrogen gas

12. CHEMICAL EQUATIONS AND REACTIONS TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS
Single – Replacement Reactions FOUR TYPES
4. Halogen replacing halogen
F2 + 2KCl KF + Cl2
more active halogen (F) replaces less active (Cl)
activity decreases down group VII (17)

13. CHEMICAL EQUATIONS AND REACTIONS TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS
Double – Replacement Reactions
OR Ionic reactions:
AX + BY  AY + BX
NaCl + AgNO3  NaNO3 + AgCl 
CuO + H2SO4  CuSO4 + H2O

14. CHEMICAL EQUATIONS AND REACTIONS TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS
Combustion Reactions
substance reacts with oxygen to release heat and light energy
2 H2 + O2  H2O
C3H8 (g) + 5O2  3CO2 (g) + 4H2O

15. CHEMICAL EQUATIONS AND REACTIONS TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS
Combustion Reactions
Assignment: pg

16. CHEMICAL EQUATIONS AND REACTIONS
Common Formulas (MEMORIZE)
Free Elements often exist as single atoms
(examples: Ag, Cu, C, S, etc)
are written as such in equations
C + O2  CO2
2 Ag + 2 HNO3  2 AgNO3 + H2 

17. CHEMICAL EQUATIONS AND REACTIONS
Common Formulas (MEMORIZE)
Noble Gases always exist in free state as monatomic molecules (and almost never react)
(He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn)

18. CHEMICAL EQUATIONS AND REACTIONS TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS
Common Formulas (MEMORIZE)
Eight elements exist as DIATOMIC MOLECUES in the free state
gases at room temperature: N2, O2, H2, F2, Cl2
liquid r.t.): Br2
solid r.t.): I2 & At2
written as such in equations
Br2 + 2KI  2KBr + I2
S + O2  SO2

19. CHEMICAL EQUATIONS AND REACTIONS
ACTIVITY SERIES OF THE ELEMENTS
A list of elements organized according to the ease with which the elements undergo certain chemical reactions.
Determined by the single replacement reaction
Describes reactivity and ability to replace an ion in a compound
Charts
s:\Chemistry\resources\reactivity series chart.doc
S:\Chemistry\resources\The Reactivity Series.doc

20. CHEMICAL EQUATIONS AND REACTIONS
Common Formulas (MEMORIZE)
ammonia: NH3
steam: H2O
water: H2O
ice: H2O
hydrogen peroxide: H2O2