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Rocks
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Topic: Igneous Rocks Objectives: I will know how to define a rock
I will will know the 3 basic types of rocks I will know how the rock change from one type to another using the rock cycle I will know how to identify Igneous Rocks based on their physical characteristics
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Here is Granite Granite is a Mixture of Different minerals
It made up of the minerals Quartz, Hornblende, & Feldspar
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What is a Rock? A rock is a _______of one or more minerals Answer Bank
Change Sedimentary Mixture cooling
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Rock Classification All rocks fit into 3 categories
Igneous, Sedimentary, and Metamorphic
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Rock Cycle We just learned about the 3 types of rocks, igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic As it turns out, Igneous rock can change into sedimentary rock or into metamorphic rock. Sedimentary rock can change into metamorphic rock or into igneous rock. Metamorphic rock can change into igneous or sedimentary rock.
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The Rock Cycle Now were back to where we started! Igneous rocks forms
from the cooling and hardening of magma If we weather and erode Igneous rocks, sediments form If we melt metamorphic rock, it turn back in igneous rock If you compact and cement sediment, sedimentary rock will form Sand Sandstone If we add heat and pressure to sedimentary rock, metamorphic rock will form
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Rock Cycle Animation
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What is the Rock Cycle? The process by which over many years rocks ______ back and forth between igneous rocks, sedimentary rocks, and metamorphic rocks Answer Bank Change Sedimentary Mixture cooling
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Igneous Rocks Igneous rocks, are rocks that were once lava or magma and simply cooled into solid rock! So, when volcanoes erupt, new igneous rocks are formed! Or, when magma cools slowly underground, new rock is also formed!
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Igneous Rock Formation
Some Igneous rocks Make it all the way to the surface Most Igneous rocks Form below the Surface
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What are Igneous Rocks? Rocks formed from the ______ and hardening of magma (hot molten liquid rock) Answer Bank Change Sedimentary Mixture cooling
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Igneous Rock Classification
Igneous rocks are classified by their color and crystal size Igneous Rocks that form below ground are called intrusive (inside or interior) igneous Rocks Igneous rocks that form above the ground are called extrusive igneous rocks Finally, dark colored igneous rocks are called Mafic and lighter colored igneous rocks are called felsic
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Extrusive Igneous Rock: Fast Cooling Small Crystals Ex: Basalt
Outside the earth Fast Cooling Small Crystals Ex: Basalt Intrusive Igneous Rock: Inside the earth Slow Cooling Large Crystals Ex: Granite
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What’s the difference between Intrusive & Extrusive Igneous Rocks?
Answer Bank large above Mixture Slowly quickly Intrusive Rocks cooled _____ beneath or below the earth’s surface resulting in ____ crystals Ex: Granite & Gabbro Extrusive Igneous Rocks cooled ____ above the earth’s surface resulting in small crystals Ex: Rhyolite & Basalt Granite Gabbro Basalt Rhyolite
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Felsic & Mafic Igneous rocks
Felsic Igneous rocks are light in color & high in silica Ex. Granite & Rhyolite Mafic Igneous rocks are dark in color & low in silica Ex: Gabbro and Basalt Granite Rhyolite Basalt Gabbro
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What’s the difference between Felsic & Mafic Igneous rocks?
Answer Bank dark above Mixture Slowly light Felsic Igneous rocks are ____ in color & high in silica Ex. Granite & Rhyolite Mafic Igneous rocks are ____ in color & low in silica Ex: Gabbro and Basalt Granite Rhyolite Basalt Gabbro
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How do we identify Granite Rhyolite Basalt Gabbro
Answer Bank dark above Mixture Slowly light Felsic Igneous rocks are ____ in color & high in silica Ex. Granite & Rhyolite Mafic Igneous rocks are ____ in color & low in silica Ex: Gabbro and Basalt Granite Rhyolite Basalt Gabbro
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How do we identify Granite Rhyolite Basalt Gabbro
Answer Bank dark above Mixture Slowly light Felsic Igneous rocks are ____ in color & high in silica Ex. Granite & Rhyolite Mafic Igneous rocks are ____ in color & low in silica Ex: Gabbro and Basalt Granite Rhyolite Basalt Gabbro
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Summary Felsic- Mafic- Intrusive Granite Gabbro Rhyolite Basalt
Answer Bank Mafic intrusive cooling extrusive hardening felsic Igneous rocks formed from the _____ and ______of magma _____Igneous are dark and _____ igneous rocks are lighter in color _____ igneous rocks cooled slowly and have large crystals _____ igneous cooled quickly forming small crystals Draw Table: Felsic- Light in color, high in silica Mafic- Dark in color, low in silica Intrusive (slow cooling, large crystals) Granite Gabbro Extrusive (fast cooling, small crystals) Rhyolite Basalt
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Topic: Sedimentary Rock
Objectives: I will learn about weathering, erosion and deposition and how it affects rocks I will learn about clastic sedimentary rocks and the conditions under which they formed
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Weathering Erosion Deposition & Stratification
Weathering is the breaking down of rock into smaller pieces by of water, wind and gravity In order for us to learn about sedimentary rocks, we need to first learn about weathering, erosion deposition and stratification Weathering is the breaking down of rock into smaller pieces by the action of water and wind Erosion is the removal and transport of rocks by water and wind Deposition is the dropping and accumulation of rock into layers Stratification is the layering of sediment Erosion is the removal and transport of rocks by water, wind and gravity Deposition is the dropping and accumulation of rock Stratification is the layering of sediment
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Erosion: Deposition: Stratification: The layering of sediment
Erosion is the removal and transport of rocks by water, wind and gravity Deposition: The dropping and accumulation Of sediment over time Stratification: The layering of sediment
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What is Weathering, Erosion, Deposition & Stratification?
Weathering – breaking down of rock Erosion – wearing down and _____ of rock by water, wind, gravity Deposition - The dropping and accumulation of _____ in low places such as a lake, or ocean bottom Stratification - The layering of sediment Answer Bank Organic deposited sediment Movement compress Weathered compaction
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Sediments Small weathered and eroded broken down pieces of rock and organic material Classified by their size Ex: sand, silt, pebbles, plants, and shells
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Sediments are classified
Pebble Sediments are classified by their sizes Sand Silt Clay Invisible at this scale
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Sediment, It’s Everywhere! Even on the Moon? Sand or Silt?
Neither, it’s called Regolith!!!!!
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What are Sediments? Small weathered and eroded broken down pieces of rock and _____ material Classified by their size Ex: sand, silt, pebbles, plants, and shells Answer Bank Organic deposited sediment Movement compress Weathered compaction
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Sedimentary Rocks (clastic)
Now that we have broken down rock into sediment, we can make sedimentary rock Clastic Sedimentary Rock forms through deposition, stratification (layering) and lithification process Lithification literally means “To make Rock” The lithification involves compacting and cementing sediment Sand Sandstone
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sediments sedimentary rocks clay silt sand gravel conglomerate
sandstone siltstone shale
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What is (Clastic) Sedimentary Rock?
Rock created through the deposition, stratification (layering), and ______of sediment Ex: Silt stone, sandstone, conglomerate Answer Bank Organic deposited sediment Movement compress Weathered Compaction lithification
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Compaction Lithification How does sediment become sedimentary rock???? The answer is Lithification!!!! Lithification is the process that involves compaction and cementation of sediment Compaction occurs when layers of sediment compress the rock below it Cementation is when sediments are glued together by minerals deposited between them Cementation
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Compaction
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Cementation
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What is Lithification? Compaction
Process by which sediment becomes sedimentary rock by compaction and cementation Compaction occurs when layers of sediment ____the rock below it Cementation is when sediments are glued together by minerals ____ between them Answer Bank Organic deposited sediment Movement compress Weathered compaction Cementation Cementation
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Organic Sedimentary Rocks
Organic Sedimentary Rocks are Rocks that have formed from once living creatures or Organisms Ex: coal, a carbon rich rock that formed from the buried and compacted remains of dead plants Ex: Limestone formed by compacted and cemented shells and coral
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Coal Formation Coal form from the buried and compacted remains of plants over millions of years
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Chemical Sedimentary Rocks
Chemical Sedimentary rocks form when minerals precipitate or solidify out of water Ex: Gypsum formed when lakes evaporate leaving behind the salt
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What’s the difference between Organic and Chemical Sedimentary rocks?
Answer Bank Align Precipitate Living Pressure Solidify shells Organic Sedimentary Rocks form from once _____ creatures or Organisms Ex: Coal, a carbon rich rock formed from buried and compacted remains of dead plants Ex: Limestone formed by compacted and cemented shells and coral Chemical Sedimentary rocks form when minerals _____or solidify out of water Ex: Gypsum formed when lakes evaporate leaving behind the salt
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Summarize: Sedimentary Rocks Clastic Organic Chemical Define: Define:
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Topic: Metamorphic Rocks
Objectives: I will know how metamorphic rocks form I will know how foliation forms in metamorphic rocks as a result of pressure and temperature I will know what a protolith is and how it becomes metamorphic rock
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Metamorphic Rocks Igneous rocks are born of fire
Sedimentary rocks are formed by weathering and erosion But how do Metamorphic Rocks Form? The last type of rock we will study is called metamorphic rock
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Metamorphic Rocks The word “Metamorphic” or “Morph” means to change
So, how do rocks change? By Heat and Pressure In order to understand Metamorphic Rocks, we need to understand how heat and pressure can change a pre-existing rock
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Metamorphic Rocks Rocks, deep below the earth’s surface are under a great deal of pressure from the over lying rock These same rocks are also deep down where temperatures are much hotter
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Metamorphic Rocks When rocks are subjected to extreme temperatures & pressures, their chemistry changes and they become a new rock Metamorphic Rock Metamorphic Rock
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What are Metamorphic Rocks ?
Rocks that have changed due to a temperature or _____ increase Ex: marble, slate, Quartzite, & Gneiss Answer Bank Align Living Pressure Solidify Metamorphic Rock Metamorphic Rock
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Foliation Granite Gneiss Pictured here is Granite
What happens if we apply heat and pressure to granite?? Applying pressure will cause the minerals to flatten and become aligned Pressure and Heat Granite Gneiss Pressure and Heat
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Foliation When we apply pressure to rocks, the minerals flatten and align themselves Heat & Pressure
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Foliation Foliation is when minerals align themselves due to heat & pressure
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Foliation Metamorphic rocks are classified as either Foliated (having foliation) and Non-Foliated (no foliation) Foliated Metamorphic Rocks include Slate and Gneiss Non-foliated Rocks include Marble and Quartzite
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Answer Bank Align Living Pressure Solidify What is Foliation? When mineral grains flatten and ____ themselves as a result of pressure Foliated Rock = Slate & Gniess Non-Foliated Rock = Marble & Quartzite Pressure and Heat Pressure and Heat
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Protolith Before they were Metamorphic Rocks, they were either igneous or sedimentary For example, if we look at table 1 below, When we heat and pressure to limestone Marble forms A protolith is the original rock from which a metamorphic rock formed
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What is a Protolith? The _____ rock from which a metamorphic rock formed Draw table below: Answer Bank Align original Living Pressure Solidify
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Rock Identification Foliation
Rocks have features that make them easy to identify For example, basalt has vesilcles which are gas hole in the rock Granite, another igneous rock has interlocking crystals Sedimentary rocks like sandstone are stratified or have layers Many sedimentary rocks also contain fossils Metamorphic rocks have foliation Fossils Layers (stratification) Vesicles Foliation Interlocking Crystals
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Summarize: ______ rock forms from heat and pressure
_____ is when mineral grains flatten and align themselves in metamorphic rocks A ______ is the original rock from which the metamorphic rock formed Answer Bank protolith Foliation metamorphic
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