1. Structure and Function of the Reproductive System Chapter 22

2. Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. 2 Development of the Reproductive System  Dependent on sex hormones Males—testosterone Females—estrogen, FSH, and LH  Sexual differentiation in utero Homologous structures Gonads Ducts  Mesonephric  Paramesonephric

3. Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. 3 Development of the Reproductive System

4. Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. 4 Development of the Reproductive System

5. Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. 5 Development of the Reproductive System  Puberty Exact trigger unknown Females  Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) and its sulfate (DHAS)  Begins with thelarche (breast development) in females Adrenarche Gonadarche

6. Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. 6 Development of the Reproductive System

7. Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. 7 Female Reproductive System  External genitalia (vulva) Mons pubis Labia majora Labia minora Clitoris Vestibule

8. Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. 8 Female Reproductive System  External genitalia (vulva) Introitus Hymen Urinary meatus Lesser vestibular glands (Skene glands) Greater vestibular glands (Bartholin glands) Perineum

9. Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. 9 External Genitalia (Vulva)

10. Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. 10 Internal Genitalia  Vagina  Uterus  Fallopian tubes  Ovaries

11. Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. 11 Internal Genitalia

12. Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. 12 Uterine Position

13. Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. 13 Internal Genitalia

14. Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. 14 Ovary

15. Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. 15 Follicle Development

16. Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. 16 Female Sex Hormones  Estrogens Estradiol Estrone Estriol  Progesterone  Androgens

17. Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. 17 Menstrual Cycle  Menarche  Menopause  Phases Menstruation (menses) Follicular/proliferative phase Luteal/secretory phase

18. Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. 18 Menstrual Cycle  Ovarian cycle  Uterine phases  Vaginal response  Body temperature change

19. Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. 19 The Menstrual Cycle

20. Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. 20 Hormone Controls

21. Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. 21 Ovarian Cycle

22. Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. 22  External genitalia Testes  Epididymis Scrotum Penis Male Reproductive System

23. Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. 23 Male Reproductive System

24. Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. 24 Male Reproductive System

25. Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. 25 Male Reproductive System

26. Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. 26  Internal genitalia Seminal vesicles Prostate gland Bulbourethral glands Male Reproductive System

27. Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. 27 Male Internal Genitalia

28. Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. 28  Spermatogonia  Primary spermatocytes  Secondary spermatocytes  Spermatids  Sertoli cells Spermatogenesis

29. Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. 29 Spermatogenesis

30. Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. 30 Male Reproductive System

31. Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. 31  Androgens Primary androgen—testosterone Produced mainly in the Leydig cells of the testes Testosterone  Sexual differentiation  Urogenital system development  Nervous and skeletal tissue development  Sex drive Dihydrotestosterone and prolactin Male Sex Hormones

32. Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. 32  Modified sebaceous glands on the ventral surface of the thorax  Female breast Nipple Areola Glands of Montgomery  Male breast Until puberty, male and female breast development is similar Without the sufficient influence of estrogen and progesterone, the male breast does not develop any further Structure and Function of the Breast

33. Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. 33 Structure and Function of the Breast

34. Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. 34 Structure and Function of the Breast

35. Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. 35  Infection and cancer tests Culture Serologic testing Tissue biopsy Needle biopsy Papanicolaou (Pap) test Mammography  Fertility tests Tests of Reproductive Function

36. Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. 36  Menopause  Perimenopause  Vasomotor symptoms Vasomotor flush Aging and the Female Reproductive System

37. Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. 37 Aging and the Female Reproductive System

38. Mosby items and derived items © 2006 by Mosby, Inc. 38  Male’s reproductive capacity is longer than women’s  There is not an event comparable to menopause  Decreased erectile and ejaculatory function  Testes atrophy, decrease in weight, and soften  Decreased levels of gonadotropins and testosterone Aging and the Male Reproductive System