1. All of the following were important precursors to the Scientific Revolution except
Renaissance artists
Enlightenment philosophers
technological advances
Hermetic magic
ancient mathematicians

2. Copernicus concluded that Ptolemy’s view of the universe was
right because it confirmed the laws of reason
wrong because it did not match his mathematical calculations
the only truly Christian interpretation of the heavens
destined to be confirmed by telescopic observations
wrong because it relied on a series of concentric spheres

3. The three laws of planetary motion were developed by
Kepler
Copernicus
Newton
Ptolemy
Pascal

4. The Catholic Church forced Galileo to reject Copernicanism because
he was not behaving like a faithful Catholic
it threatened Scripture and the dominant understanding of the universe
he criticized the pope
he renounced his faith
it supported Protestantism

5. Isaac Newton’s law of gravity
came to him when an apple fell on his head
had its inception in his scholar’s chambers at Cambridge
proved to him that religious teachings were mere superstitions
showed that one mathematical law applied throughout the universe
overturned much of the work completed by Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo

6. The theory that a volume of a gas was proportional to the pressure exerted on it was identified by
William Harvey
Paracelsus
Johannes Kepler
Robert Bellarmine
Robert Boyle

7. The main difference between early British and German women scientists was that
women scientists were more numerous in Britain than in Germany
in Britain they were usually women of leisure and in Germany they were craftswomen
in Germany a woman had to be single to pursue a scientific career
in Britain women were inducted into the Royal Society, but not in Germany
British women were more likely to be involved in astronomy

8. In regards to commonly held ideas about women, the Scientific Revolution
overturned sexual stereotypes
rejected the notion that women needed to be controlled
promoted the equality of the sexes
provided scientific evidence that men and women should be equals
reaffirmed traditional notions

9. In his explorations of anatomy, Vesalius suggested that the physical differences between men and women
were external only
were skeletal and internal only
were external and skeletal
proved the inferiority of women
proved the equality of women

10. The significance of Descartes’ theories was that they
proved with logic the accuracy of Galileo’s laws
formed an acceptable alternative to Newton’s Principia
created a division between the mind and the material world
allowed a scientist to be a practicing Christian
allowed the scientist to use reason and faith in the search for truth

11. Francis Bacon’s major contribution to early modern science lay in
his creation of a working scientific method, based on induction
the thoroughness of his research, which set an example for younger scholars
his unwillingness to compromise his views, even when highly criticized
the work he did as president of the Royal Society
his publication of Discourse on Method

12. The new science was readily accepted in the seventeenth and early eighteenth century because of
support from the Roman Catholic Church
the direct application of science to the interests of a European elites and rulers
the ability of all classes to use science
the increased opportunities provided for women
the harmony of religion and science

13. Spinoza differed with all other philosophers of his day about the
natural inferiority of women as scientists
dangers to European civilization of the Jewish faith
Copernican view of the universe
divinity of the material universe
rational elements of Christianity

14. At the time of his death, Pascal was attempting to
demonstrate the validity of Descartes’ dualism
establish an alternative scientific society in France
prove that a scientist can be a practicing Christian and vice versa
sell commercially his calculating machine
refute the idea of a heliocentric universe

15. The long-range significance of the Royal Society and Royal Academy was to
encourage scientists to work cooperatively
provide many military inventions to the kings of England and France
help scientists win patents for their inventions
establish schools of science for aspiring young scholars
provide a venue for female scientists