1. Latin America
Additional Notes

2. Factors Controlling Climate
Latitude
Altitude, or elevation
Temperature
Orographic effect
Proximity to water
Prevailing wind direction
Cool or warm ocean currents

3. Elevation and Climate See Chart Page 208
Environments in the Andes change with elevation
Tierra Caliente
Lower than 3,000 ft.
Tierra Templada
3,000 to 6,000 ft.
Tierra Fria
6,000 to 10,000 ft.
Paramo
10,000 to 16,000 ft.
Tierra Helada
Above 16,000 ft.

4. Tierra Caliente The Hot land Tropical crops Bananas Cacao Rice
Sugarcane
Pineapple

5. Tierra Templada Temperate land Many people live in this zone
Staple crops
Coffee, corn, wheat, cotton, potatoes, tobacco
Some tropical crops

6. Tierra Fria Cool Land Cool forests and grasslands Staple Crops
Potatoes, wheat, oats, barley, beans, corn, rye

7. Paramo Above the tree line Frost may occur any night of the year
Altiplano
Hardy crops and herding
Potatoes, grasslands
Sheep, Llamas, Alpacas

8. Tierra Helada
Above the snow line
Of little use for human habitation

9. Issues of Development Developing countries Developed countries
Traditional
Rural (high % in agriculture)
Subsistence agriculture and nomadic herding
w/hunting and gathering
Simple technology
Muscle power
Localized (dual) economy
cash crops and minerals
gray economy
Developed countries
Modern
Urban (less than 10% in agriculture)
Commercial agriculture, fishing, grazing, forestry
Complex technology
Machine power & manufacturing
Global economy

10. More Comparisons Developing countries Developed countries Low GNP/GDP
Low life expectancy
High infant mortality rate
Substandard education and literacy
Poor infrastructure and communications
Shortage of capital
Unstable, ineffective government systems
High Population Growth rates
Developed countries
High GNP/GDP
Life expectancies above 65 years
Low infant mortality
Highly developed education systems
Extensive transportation and communications
Large financial sectors
Democratic government systems
Stable Population

11. Barriers to development in Latin America
Shortage of capital to develop resources and industry
High overseas debt
Low literacy rates due to fewer children actively pursuing their education at the elementary and older age groups
Many people trapped in cycle of poverty
Unstable, often ineffective or corrupt governments
Exploding population

12. Tourism
Pros
Cons
Revenue is generated from the money tourists spend for hotels, meals, transportation and other entertainment
This revenue creates job for the host country
For some countries tourism may be the only chance for true development
Can cause overcrowding
Much of the revenue may flow out of the country
to travel agents
construction companies
It can disrupt cultures
Cheap trinkets vs. real handcrafts
Shell necklaces in Polynesian Islands
More people may mean more pollution and other negative impact on the environment

13. A man, a plan, a canal, Panama!
A palindrome is a word or phrase that reads the same backwards as forwards
The above is one of the best-known
It refers to Theodore Roosevelt who was President during the time the United States began work on the Panama Canal