1. Native-French Relations in New France

2. Lucky that Iroquois had retreated from St. Lawrence Valley by 1608 –Huron, Mikmaqs, Montagnais Company of New France 1608-1663 –Focus on Beaver Fur Trade The farther North, the better fur Natives trap, process, and transport –High Profits

3. New France: 1608-1760: 27,000 Importance of the 1660s, “Diplomatic Immunity,” métis British Colonies: 1607-1760: 1,000,000 Immigration

4. Dutch map of the New Netherland area (circa 1650) Competition and the Environment

5. Beaver Wars (1633-1701): Iroquois attempt to dominate the fur trade 1633-1645: Conflict a Draw as Iroquois fight for Huron hunting grounds 1645-1647: Short Peace of 2 years –Iroquois still cut out of trade 1647-1653: Iroquois Begin another conflict and Prevail –Huron outgunned and annihilated –Iroquois win trading rights at Montreal 1653-1658: Peace lasts 5 short years –Iroquois still cut out of fur trade by Ottawa and attack French in 1658 1658-1667: French Prevail –Smallpox, French troops, and Ottawa & Canadian militia victories lead to French success

6. Beaver Wars 1667-1680: Long period of Peace –French Fur Trade Expands further West and South –Jesuits sent amongst the Mohawk and win important allies –New Netherland becomes New York 1680-1701: French Prevail –Iroquois attack an over- extended France in 1680 Guerilla tactics 1701: The Grand Settlement Canadian militia