2. How can we describe the Classical Time Period? HOMEWORK: Define each of the above terms

3.  FRENCH REVOLUTION  transfer of power from aristocrats to middle class

4.  SCIENTIFIC ADVANCEMENT  Benjamin Franklin- electricity;  Edward Jenner- perfect vaccinations

5.  INTELLECTUAL LIFE  First publication of Encyclopedias

6.  INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION  Important inventions: steam engine, spinning jenny, cotton gin

7.  AMERICAN REVOLUTION  Freedom from Britain.  1776- Declaration of Independence

8. 1. Lyrical melodies – elegant and lyrical, easy to sing, very clear 2. Balance and Symmetry 3. Diatonic harmony – rooted in a specific key 4. Rhythm regularity – strong steady tempos

9.   Patronage – support, encouragement, privilege or financial aid that an organization or individual bestows to another  Musicians under the patronage system were similar to servants (may sound bad, but most people were servants to some ruler during this time)  Musicians would work for a patron. Would write music for any event they needed music for.  They would be paid for their skills  This provided economic security to musicians PATRONAGE SYSTEM

10.   An extended musical composition scored for orchestra  Has 4 parts.  Each part is called a movement.  Movement 1 – Upbeat, fast  Movement 2 – slow  Movement 3 – Minuet and Trio (Dance)  Movement 4 – Fast  The symphony became very popular during Classical time period Classical Symphony

11.   Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791)  Joseph Haydn (1732-1809)  Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827) Classical Composers

12.  Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart “People make a mistake who think that my art has come easily to me. Nobody has devoted so much time and thought to composition as I. There is not a famous master whose music I have not studied over and over.”

13.  Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

14.  Unique talents Very few rough drafts of his music exist He would hear the music in his head and write it down without having to make many changes. “Though it be long, the work is complete and finished in my mind. I take out of the bag of my memory what has previously been collected into it. For this reason the committing to paper is done quickly enough.”

15.  Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

16.  At 25 years old, he was on his own. He had a very difficult remaining life He never received another good paying job He spent much of his time composing for different dances which were way below his level of genius

17.  Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart He died shortly before his 36 th birthday. His death has spurred many scientific theories. Some believe he had a fever. Some say heart disease. Most recently, they believe he died from trichinosis, which is a disease you catch from eating undercooked pork. No one knows for sure because they do not know where the remains of his body are.

18.  Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart More than 600 works This is a lot considering he died at age 36 Famous works 1.Eine Kleine Nachtmusik (A Little Night Music)Eine Kleine Nachtmusik (A Little Night Music) 2.Don GiovanniDon Giovanni 3.The Magic FluteThe Magic Flute 4.The Marriage of FigaroThe Marriage of Figaro

19.   Born in Austria  Beautiful singing voice as a child which landed him a place as a choirboy at St. Stephen’s Cathedral in Vienna  Was a choirboy until 16 year old and his voice changed  Then began to make a living by teaching and accompanying  At age 29, began working for a patron  Worked GREAT under patronage system. Stayed with the same family for 30 years  Became a very famous musician during his life Surprise Symphony

20.  Born in Bonn, Germany Bad family life Alcoholic father He was forced to take care of his family and 2 younger brothers Age 11, played organ in the court chapel

21.  Ludwig van Beethoven Age 17, he was given the opportunity to go to Vienna where he played for Mozart. “Keep an eye on him ---he will make a noise in the world some day.” –Mozart He worked under a modified patronage system. Not attached to one specific court The first decade of his career was excellent!

22.  Ludwig van Beethoven In his late 20s, he began to lose his hearing. This was shattering to his pride. “How could I possibly admit an infirmity in the one sense that should have been more perfect in me than in others. A sense I once possessed in highest perfection. Oh, I cannot do it!” He described it as a sense of apartness from other people

23.  Ludwig van Beethoven In 1802, the doctors advised him to retire and he did. Very depressing for him “But little more and I would have put an end to my life. Only art….withheld me.” He realized the music is what gave him happiness in life. He came out of retirement and began writing music again despite his hearing loss

24.  Ludwig van Beethoven He did eventually go completely deaf. This still not stop him from writing music Many of his greatest works were written when he was completely deaf. He died at age 57, completely deaf.

25.  Ludwig van Beethoven What caused his deafness? We still have a lock of his hair and much research has been conducted to see if a cause can be found. There were extremely high traces of lead content in his body. Possibly because the china and pots they would drink from had lead in them. Today, we know that lead toxicity can cause serious health problems, many that are the same Beethoven had

26.  Ludwig van Beethoven His works He wrote 9 symphonies Best known symphonies are Symphony No. 5 and Symphony No. 9 Symphony No. 5 Symphony No. 9 Symphony No. 9 was written after he was completely deaf This was the first symphony to incorporate vocal music