1. Basic Geo-Science Unit 1 Notes Mr. Myers

2. What is Earth Science? The Study of Earth Science: Earth Science: Study of the Earth and its History.

3. What is earth Science? The Study of Earth Science: The three major branches of science are Earth Science, Life Science and Physical Science. When you look at the earth from space it is a lot more then just rocks and soil Earth Science is like a Jigsaw puzzle made up of four main pieces. The four main pieces are Geology, Astronomy, Meteorology and Oceanography. All four make up the field of science

4. What is Earth Science? Specialist in Earth Science: Specialist: Person who studies or works on only one part of a subject. Some examples of specialist are: Oceanographers who study only waves and tides. While others study the makeup of the ocean water. Still others study the bottom or deep sea vents

5. What is Earth Science? The importance of Earth Science: Earth Science is an Important part of our every day life. The observations and discoveries made by Earth scientists affect us in many ways. 3 Ex. Of How Earth Scientists effect our lives: Exploring Space and experiments done in space have led to new Medicines and technologies They have also improved radios, televisions and telephones.

6. What are the main parts of the Earth? The Lithosphere: Sphere: Round, three dimensional object. Lithosphere: Solid part of the earth surface. All solid land that people stand on is called Lithosphere. The lithosphere consists of all of the Continents and the land under the Ocean

7. What are the main parts of Earth? The Hydroshpere: Hydrosphere: Part of the Earth that is water. The Hydrosphere includes all of the liquid Water and Ice on Earth Salt water makes up 97% of the Earths water. The remaining 3% is fresh water. Fresh Water is found in, rivers, lakes, glaciers and the polar ice caps.

8. What are the main parts of the Earth? The Atmosphere: Atmosphere: Is the envelope of gases that surround the earth. The Atmosphere is the envelope of gases surrounding the earth. The Air you breathe is part of the atmosphere. The atmosphere also helps Protect living things by blocking Harmful rays given off by the Sun. Ultraviolet rays cause humans to get sunburns.

9. What is the Structure of the Earth A Slightly Flat Sphere: A perfect sphere has no real Top. Every point on the surface is the same distance from the Center. Earth is a Sphere but its not a perfect one. Its is slightly Squashed or flat at its poles. The earth also Bulges out at the center

10. What is the structure of Earth? Earth’s Crust: Crust: Is the solid, thin outer layer of Earth There are 3 main layers of the earth. They are the Crust, Mantle and Core The crust is about 5 to 10 km thick under the oceans and between 32 and 70 km thick on the continents.

11. What is the structure of Earth? Earth’s Mantle: Mantle: is the thick layer of rock below the crust. The layer of the earth beneath the crust is called the Mantle. The Earth’s mantle is between 1800 to 2900 km thick. More then 2/3’s of Earth’s Mass is found in the mantle.

12. What is the structure of Earth? Earth’s Core: Core: The innermost region of the Earth The innermost region of the Earth is called the Core. We think that the core is mostly composed of Iron. The core has 2 parts. The outer core is about 2250 km thick and the inner core has a radius of about 1300 km.

13. What are maps? Globes: Globe: Three dimensional model of Earth’s Surface. A Globe is a three dimensional model of the Earth’s surface. A globe correctly shows the Shapes and Sizes of different features on earth.

14. What are maps? Maps: Map: Flat model of the Earth’s Surface. A Map is a flat model or drawing of Earth’s surface. Its is a two dimensional model of the earth. There are many kinds of maps. Some maps show the Whole earth while some maps show small pieces in great detail.

15. What are maps? Distortion: Distortion: is an error in shape, size or distance. When something that is round and it is represented on a flat surface like a map it becomes what they called Distorted. Errors like these in shape, size and distance are called Distortions.

16. What are Latitude and Longitude? Parallels and Meridians: Parallels: Horizontal line on a map or globe that circles Earth from east to west at intervals starting at the equator. Meridians: Line on a map or globe running from the North pole to the South pole along Earth’s surface.

17. What are Latitude and Longitude? Parallels and Meridians: On a globe there are a series of lines drawn from East to West. These lines are called Parallels. Also there is another series of lines that run North and South. These lines are called Meridians.

18. What are Latitude and Longitude? Latitude and Longitude: Latitude: Distance in degrees north or south of the equator. Longitude: Measurement in degrees east or west of the prime meridian.

19. What are Latitude and Longitude? Latitude and Longitude: Parallels and meridians are used to describe locations on Earth’s surface. Parallels describe Latitude. Latitude is the distance in Degrees north or south of the equator.

20. What are Latitude and Longitude? Latitude and Longitude: Meridians are used to describe Longitude. Longitude is the Distance in degrees east or West of the prime meridian. Prime meridian runs through Greenwich, England.

21. What are Latitude and Longitude? Locating Places: Every place on earth has its own Latitude and Longitude. Washington D.C. is very close to the 39 th parallel north and the 70 th meridian west. So we would say that Washington is 39 degrees North and 70 Degrees West.

22. How do you read a map? Showing distance: Most of the maps we use show us directions. If you look at a map it has a key that usually has a big N that stands for North, E that stands for East, W that stands for West, and S that stands for South. North is the usually at the top of the map. Another way of showing Direction on a map is by using a Compass Rose.

23. How do you read a map? Fill in the compass rose on the Left. A compass rose shows us that not everything is going to be north, south, east or west. Sometimes directions will be southwest or northeast.

24. How do you read a map? Scale: Scale: Feature that relates distances on a map to actual distances on Earth’s surface. A map scale show us how the Distance on the Map compares with real distances on Earth’s surface.

25. How do you read a map? Map Symbols: Symbols: Drawing on a map that represent a real object. Legend: List of map symbols and their meanings. The simple drawings on a map are called Symbols. There are many different symbols on a map. They are always listed in the maps Legend.

26. How do you read a map? Color: Color is used on a map for specific reasons. Black is normally used for anything make by people. There are symbols for Buildings, Railroads, and Bridges. Blue is used for showing Bodies of Water. Green is used to show parks and forests.