1.  “Rebirth” of Art & Learning Golden Age in arts,literature & science Began in Italy & spread northward Promoted new way of thinking called Humanism

2. Focused on worldly (Secular) subjects rather than religious ones. More Realistic-concerned with life in the present (spirit of inquiry) Emphasized achievements of the individual Revival of classical thought  Ex.Greek & Romans

3. Overseas trade led to growth of wealthy independent city-states of Milan & Florence Surrounded by the “Glory of Rome” Popes &Wealthy Families such as the Medici became Patrons of the Arts  Willing to spend money

6.  Ideas spread north with the invention of the Printing Press (Johan Gutenberg) Population began to recover from the Plague Monarchs & wealthy merchants supported the Arts  Differed from Italian renaissance. More interested in religious themes

7. Johann Gutenberg  1145-The Bible was first printed book

12. Vernacular-Writers wrote in everyday language of the common citizen

13. Canterbury Tales Macbeth, Hamlet, Julius Caesar The Prince The Divine Comedy Don Quixote