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Biological Classification

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Presentation on theme: "Biological Classification"— Presentation transcript:

1 Biological Classification

2 Group the following in any way you would like, but justify your grouping!
Frogs Bears Ants Spiders Bacteria Humans Dolphins Sharks Mushrooms Pine Trees

3 Why do we Classify? To group organisms according to similarities
 Taxonomy is the science of classifying organisms. 

4 Binomial Nomenclature
Binomial Nomenclature - the formal system of naming species. (Bi = two, nomial = names) Latin is the language in which scientific names are written. Carolus Linnaeus (1707 – 1778) a Swedish botanist , came up with the b.n. system. Aristotle was the first scientist to group organisms based on physical characteristics.

5 The 3 Domains

6 The 5 Kingdoms

7 7 Levels of Classification 1 is Largest- 7 is Smallest

8 Examples of Classification
Common Pond Amoeba KINGDOM: Protista PHYLUM: Sarcomastigophora CLASS: Sarcodina ORDER: Granulopodea FAMILY: Amoebidae GENUS: Amoeba SPECIES: Amoeba proteus

9 Examples of Classification
Humans KINGDOM: Animalia PHYLUM: Chordata CLASS: Mammalia ORDER: Primata FAMILY: Hominidae GENUS: Homo SPECIES: Homo sapiens

10 Scientific Names The GENUS is the 1st word in the scientific name. Always capitalized Example : Amoeba proteus Homo sapiens The SPECIES is the 2nd word in the scientific name. Always lowercase Example: Amoeba proteus

11 Phylogenetic Tree A Phylogenetic Tree is a way to organize living things and show how they are related.

12 Cladograms Cladograms are a way to show shared or lost traits between related organisms

13 How do we know how to classify?
Similar Structures The bones in a bat’s wing are almost the same as the bones in a human hand Similar Behaviors All mammals nurse their young Similarities in genes (DNA sequence or proteins) Human and Primate DNA is 99% similar

14 Evidence for Classification/Evolution
Homologous structures: similar bone structures in different organisms Fossil Record: Past organisms can be studied through fossils Gene similarities: matching DNA sequences Embryology: similar development patterns in unborn species of different species Hybridization: ability to successfully interbreed different species.

15 Homologous Structures

16 Embryology

17 Hybridization

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