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Chapter 18.  The science of grouping organisms according to their presumed natural relationships.  ARISTOTLE ◦ First to classify organisms more than.

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Presentation on theme: "Chapter 18.  The science of grouping organisms according to their presumed natural relationships.  ARISTOTLE ◦ First to classify organisms more than."— Presentation transcript:

1 Chapter 18

2  The science of grouping organisms according to their presumed natural relationships.  ARISTOTLE ◦ First to classify organisms more than 2000 years ago. ◦ Classified all organisms into TWO groups  Plants  Further classified by stem differences.  Animals  Further classified based on where animals were found. (air, land, water)

3  Everyday names given to organisms.  Common names may NOT accurately describe the organism. ◦ Examples: jellyfish, mountain lion

4  Mean:Two Names  CAROLUS LINNAEUS – Swedish naturalist (1707-1778) ◦ He broke organisms into hierarchical categories

5 Categories (smallest to largest) Examples SPECIES Structurally similar organisms sapiens GENUS Similar species grouped Homo FAMILY Similar genera Hominidae ORDER Similar families Primates CLASS Similar orders Mammalia PHYLUM/DIVISION Similar classes Chordata KINGDOM Similar phyla/divisions Animalia

6  Binomial name  Includes Genus & species names  Examples: ◦ Rana pipiens- Leopard frog ◦ Homo sapiens – Human beings

7  Subspecies: morphologically different & geographically separated.  Varieties: Morphologically different & often not geographically separated.  Strain: Biochemically dissimilar group within a species. ◦ Example: bacteria

8  Phylogeny: Evolutionary history of a species.  Taxonomic Identification: ◦ Dichotomous Key – A written set of choices that leads to the name of an organism. ◦ Phylogenetic Tree – A visual model of the inferred relationships among organisms. ◦ Biosystematics – A form of taxonomy that examines reproductive compatibility & gene flow.  Studies speciation, or formation of a new species.

9 KINGDOMCELL TYPE# OF CELLSNUTRITION Archaebacteria Methanogens ProkaryoticUnicellularAuto- heterotrophic Eubacteria “true bacteria” ProkaryoticUnicellularAuto- heterotrophic Protista Amoebas EukaryoticUni & multicellular Auto- heterotrophic Fungi Mushroom EukaryoticUni & multicellular Heterotrophic Plantae Mosses, ferns EukaryoticMulticellularAutotrophic (rarely hetero-) Animalia Mammals EukaryoticMulticellularheterotrophic

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