1. Democratic Politics, Religious Revival, and Reform 1824-1840

2. Election of 1824 The Republican were divided by sectionalism Jackson vs. J. Q. Adams vs. Crawford vs. Clay –“Corrupt Bargain” – J.Q. Adams became President. –Adams alienated his supporters during his term, while Jackson organized support.

3. J.Q. Adams presidency Lacked the “people’s touch” Sought government funding of a national university, roads, and an astronomical observatory –Failed because southerners feared increased tariffs Sought to restrict over speculation of land –Angered westerners Sought to deal fairly with Cherokee Indians –Georgia resisted federal attempts to help the Cherokee.

4. Election of 1828 Democrats – Jackson/Calhoun National Republicans – J.Q. Adams/Rush “the common man vs. the aristocrat” South and West voted for Jackson New England voted for Adams

5. Andrew Jackson – Man of the People? Born in the Carolinas, orphaned at a young age; served in the Revolution as a boy. Limited education Served as judge and congressman in Tennessee Emotion; hot tempered –Numerous duels, fights, and stabbings Military Hero –Battle of New Orleans, Indian conflict –Known as Old Hickory for his toughness A western aristocrat –Mansion, slaves, personally looked down on the masses Disliked banks and the privileged –Had lost money because of bank failures – blamed the U.S. bank Believed in the Union

6. Jacksonian “Democracy” Spoils System (“rotation”) Vetoed improvements Signed Indian Removal Act of 1830

7. Jacksonian Democracy Nullification Crisis –Tariff of 1828 (tariff of Abominations) Promoted by Jacksonians as a campaign ploy –S C Exposition and Protest (by Calhoun) 1831 -Nat Turner slave rebellion 1831 – The Liberator - Wm. Lloyd Garrison –Jackson attempted to quell southern fears Distribution plan Ease tariff –1832 – Tariff of 1832 – reduced rates

8. Jacksonian Democracy –1832- SC nullified the tariff Jackson threatened force –Sent weapons to SC unionists –Compromise of 1833 (Henry Clay) 1833 – Compromise Tariff (negotiated by Clay) 1833 – Force Bill –SC withdrew its nullification of the tariffs

9. Jacksonian Democracy “Killing the Bank” –1832 – Jackson vetoed Bank renewal –Election of 1832Election of 1832 Democrats – Jackson/Van Buren National Republicans – Clay/Sergeant –1833 – Nicholas Biddle called in loans –Jackson deposited government funds in “pet banks” Created more “soft money” –Exactly what Jackson did not want –1836 – Deposit Act Increased deposits in state banks Soft money Dems vs. Hard money Dems –July, 1836 – Specie Circular Result: economic slowdown

10. Jacksonian Democracy –1836 – Deposit Act Increased deposits in state banks Soft money Dems vs. Hard money Dems –July, 1836 – Specie Circular Public lands must be paid in specie –Jackson hoped to slow the growth of paper money Result: economic slowdown

11. Election of 1836 Democrats – Martin Van Buren/Johnson Whigs – 5 sectional candidates W. H. Harrison H.L. White D. WebsterW. P. Mangum Martin Van Buren

12. Van Buren Presidency Panic of 1837 – Martin “van Ruin” – a deep depression Caused by –Over speculation –The withdrawal of specie – Specie Circular –British restriction on specie –In elections of 1838, Whigs won control of many seats 1840 – Independent Treasury Bill –Did not deal with behavior of state banks –Democrats became a hard money party

13. Election of 1840 Whigs – William H Harrison/ John Tyler Democrats – Martin van Buren The “Log Cabin Campaign” –“Tippecanoe and Tyler too” 80% of eligible voters actually voted!

14. Second Great Awakening 2 phases: –Western – camp meetings –Eastern – revival meetings Charles Finney –perfectionism

15. Impact of the Awakening 1. Religious Reaction –Unitarianism Attracted wealthy, educated Religion as “character building” –Mormonism Joseph Smith Persecuted –Shakers

16. Impact of the Awakening Reform Movements –Alternatives to politics –Moralistic 1.Temperance – the American Temperance Society 2.Public Schools – Horace Mann –Sought assimilation of immigrants

17. Impact of the Awakening 3.Abolitionism *Called for emancipation rather than colonization -- William Lloyd Garrison – The Liberator -- Frederick Douglas, Sojourner Truth -- Elijah Lovejoy -- Thomas Dwight Weld – Oberlin College Within the American Anti-Slavery Society there was disagreement -Over political involvement -The role of women (Grimke sisters)

18. Impact of the Awakening 4.Women’s Rights -- 1844 – Seneca Falls Convention - Organized by Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton -Declaration of Sentiments 5.Prisons Creation of penitentiaries Auburn system vs. Philadelphia system

19. Impact of the Awakening 6.The Poor Almshouses and workhouses 7.Mental Illness Dorothea Dix 8.Utopian Societies Generally a rejection of politics, industrial society Ex: New Harmony; Brook Farm; Oneida

25. Election of 1832 Democrats – 219 votes Nullifier – 11 votes National Republicans – 49 votes Anti –Masonic – 7 votes