1. The Early Industrial Revolution

2. A. The Congress of Vienna, 1815

3. II. The origins of the industrial world

4. A. Agricultural revolution

5. B. Population Explosion 1. Colonization 2. Malthus, An Essay on the Principles of Population

6. C. Changes in the Traditional Economy 1. Putting out system “cottage industry” 2. More kids

7. D. Release of Capital 1. Textiles

8. III. Industrial Revolution in Britain

9. A. Natural resources 1. Narrow, swift streams

10. 2. Coal

11. 3. People enclosureagriculture

12. B. Efficient Banking System 1. 1693 - Bank of England; joint stock companies

13. C. Technology 1. British (Americans later) made heroes of scientists, mechanics 2. Steam engine - 1758 James Watt

14. D. King Cotton 1. Cotton gin - American, Indian, Egyptian sources

15. Social Relations Transformed The Rise of the industrial middle class (bourgeoisie) and the industrial working class

16. Victoria, symbol of an age and culture 1837-1901

17. I. Bourgeois society A. Origins 1. Old middle class 2. New middle class

18. B. Home life and the Cult of Domesticity 1. “male” v. “female” spheres

19. 2. Romanticization and separation of male/female culture “childhood”

20. Redefinition of male culture

21. C. Bourgeois Morality 1. Distinguish themselves 2. Men and women spending more time apart

22. 3. Emphasis on romantic love Literature - Austen, Bronte sisters 4. Genteel culture

23. F. Reforming Zeal 1. Fear and pity 2. Women, politics and reform

24. II. Working Class Culture

25. A. Origins of the working class 1. Old working class 2. New working class

26. B. Institution of Factory Discipline

27. 1. Sadler Commission 2. England, 1833 - Factory Act 3. Public schooling

28. C. Family life of the Industrial Working Class 1. Less distinction of gendered “spheres” 2. Religion: spirituality, focus on afterlife Great Awakening, Lourdes, Marpingen

29. E. Working Class Morality 1. Immediate gratification 2. Sexuality/love 3. Communal ethic

30. F. Working Class and Reform 1. Focused on “bread and butter” issues WC support critical in the Revolutions of 1830 and 1848

31. Reform in the Age of “isms” Transforming the Industrial World Through Ideology, Politics, and Art

32. I. Ideologies of Reform LiberalismNationalismRomanticismConservatismSocialism

33. A. Liberalism 1. Jeremy Bentham - utilitarianism “greatest good for the greatest number” (New Deal Liberalism) 2. John Stuart Mill, On Liberty (1859)

34. 3. Liberalism embraced by the bourgeoisie a. right to vote, civil liberties, legal equality, constitutional government, parliamentary systems, free market economy b. not anti-capitalist b. not anti-capitalist

35. B. Nationalism 1. Both an expression of and alternative to Liberalism 2. Geo-political centralization 3. Heightened by economic competition

36. C. Romanticism 1. Response to Enlightenment, industrialization and urbanization 2. Artistic, literary, musical movement celebrating nature, rural life, mysticism

37. Literature Literature Goethe, Faust Goethe Mary Shelley, Frankenstein

38. Art

39. Music

40. Romanticism and national identity

41. D. Conservatism 1. Edmund Burke Joseph de Maistre change should come slowly… …directed from the top down popular in Germany, Russia, Austria

42. E. Socialism 1. Challenged capitalist ethic only wealth one was entitled to came from own labor

43. Reform and Revolution in the Industrial Age “To the Barricades”

44. A. Bureaucratic 1. 1830s - 40s “welfare” 2. Redefinition of poverty 3. Britain: Reform Bill of 1832 “rotten boroughs”

45. B. Grassroots democracy 1. Jacksonian Democracy in America 2. Chartist movement in Britain 3. Student movements in Germany and France

46. C. The Revolution of 1830 1. Poland - Resistance to Russian Rule 2. Belgium - independence from the Netherlands 3. Greece

47. 3. France Charles X and absolutism WC and MC join forces - republic or constitutional monarchy?

48. Rebellion crushed by French, foreign troops Louise-Philippe installed

49. D. Revolution of 1848 1. Food shortages, nationalism 2. Louise-Philippe abandoned by bourgeois Second Republic 3. June Days - working class v. bourgeois

50. E. Revolution of 1848 in Germany 1. Liberal, nationalistic, bourgeois

51. F. Russia, Austria 1. Initial concessions 2. Police, military crackdowns

52. G. Legacies of Revolutions 1. Britain expands democratic institutions 2. France dichotomous political culture 3. Growing distance between authoritarian and liberal states