1. AP-Biology Final Review, 1 st Term

2. Things You DON’T Need For The AP Test  Names, structures, and effects of all plant hormones  Details behind radioisotope specific dating  The names and dates of extinctions  No one specific behavior or physiological reproductive isolation mechanism  No one specific example of speciation or biodiversity  No one specific example of major changes in an environment  Any replication enzyme that is NOT DNA polymerase, ligase, RNA polymerase, helicase, or topoisomerase  Details and enzyme names/factors in prokaryotic transcription/translation  Epistasis and pleiotropy  Specific details about horizontal gene transfer  Specific details about the sexual reproductive cycles of plants or animals  No specific cofactors or coenzymes

3. Things You DO Need For The Final  Asexual vs. Sexual reproduction  Chromosome structures  Specific events in mitosis/meiosis  Sources of genetic variation  Different life plans using diploid and haploid cells  Effects of genetic disease like sickle cell, hemophilia, etc…  Mendelian genetics, test crosses, linked genes  Complex inheritance like codominance, incomplete dominance, epitasis, sex- linked, etc…  Scientists who experimented with DNA/Genes and what they discovered  Pedigree reading  Structure of DNA  Details of DNA replication  Details on transcription and translation  Pre-mRNA modification  Post-translation modification  Gene expression regulation  Basic taxonomy concepts  Cladogram formation and usage

4. Things You DO Need For The Final  Intro to gene expression in zygotes  Early development  Structure of the operon  Difference between gene regulation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes  Hardy-Weinburg equations, calculations, and equilibrium  Population genetic concepts like balanced polymorphism, heterozygote advantage, genetic drift, gene flow, etc…  Pre-zygotic and post-zygotic isolation mechanisms  Basic understanding eras and major periods in Earth’s history  Fossil record formation and usage  Effects of mass extinctions and changing Earth’s surface  General ideas behind systematics and phylogenetics  Ancestral vs. Derived characters traits  VOCABULARY!!!

5. Sample AP Exam Questions

23. 340-360 individuals/day (900-200)/(5-3) = 700/2 = 350

24. Sample AP Exam Questions 5.3-5.4 Null= Pp x pp  0.5 Pp and 0.5 pp 146/2= 73 purple and 73 white X 2 = ((87-73) 2 /73) + ((59-73) 2 /73) 2.68 + 2.68 = 5.36

25. Sample AP Exam Questions

26. Sample AP Exam Questions- Answer