1. Asexual & Sexual Reproduction RNA & DNA Mitosis & Meiosis Genetics
Heredity
Asexual & Sexual Reproduction
RNA & DNA
Mitosis & Meiosis
Genetics

2. Asexual & Sexual Reproduction
Asexual Reproduction:
Only involves single parent cell
No variation
Very rapid
4 types:
Budding
Vegetative propagation
Spore formation
Binary fission

3. Sexual Reproduction Female gamete – egg (ovum)
Male gamete – sperm (spermatozoan)
Fertilization = joining of sperm and egg
Fertilized egg called zygote (then embryo, then fetus)
Know these terms for plants:
Pollen, stamen, pistil, seed, ovary, fruit, germination

5. DNA & RNA Building block of DNA/RNA = nucleotide (see diagram)
DNA: ATCG
RNA: AUCG
Structure of DNA: double helix (see diagram)
Complementary base pairing

7. DNA
Replication
Transcription
Translation

8. Mitosis
Interphase
Mitosis
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

9. Identify the Stages of Mitosis

10. Meiosis

11. Meiosis Reduction division Mitosis Meiosis Purpose
# divisions
# daughter cells
Chromosome # in daughters
Daughter cells are
Purpose

12. Genetics Dominant Recessive Codominance Incomplete Dominance Genotype
Phenotype
Heterozygous
Homozygous

13. Punnet Squares
Homozygous tall X Homozygous short

14. Punnet Squares
Homozygous tall X Heterozygous tall

15. Punnet Squares
Heterozygous tall X Heterozygous tall

16. Genetic Engineering Mutation is the ultimate source of variation
Gene splicing (transformation) – DNA from one organism is transferred into another

17. Genetic Diseases Mutation – change in the DNA sequence Point mutations
Frame shift mutations
Chromosome mutations
Deletions, insertions, inversions, translocations, nondisjunction

18. Genetic Diseases Phenylketonuria (PKU) Cystic Fibrosis Huntington’s
Hemophilia
Color blindness

19. Which type of compound is NOT part of DNA?
Deoxyribose; nitrogen base; phosphate; protein
Color blindness results form the expression of a single recessive sex-linked allele. Therefore, the disorder occurs in males when the allele is
Missing on both the X & Y; present on both the X & Y; present on the X; present only on the Y
In humans, brown eyes, B, are dominant to blue eyes, b. What is the genotype and phenotype of a person who is heterozygous for this trait?
bb blue; Bb brown; Bb blue; BB brown
Which represents mitosis?
Sexual cellular reproduction; the division of genetic material of a cell to produce a zygote; the splitting of a cell to produced 2 daughter cells identical to the parent; the splitting of a cell to produce 2 gametes with ½ the chromosome number as the parent

20. Which is an advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction?
Fewer opportunities for genetic errors occur, thereby ensuring a more durable population; sexual reproduction eliminates the need for more than one organism if reproduction is to occur; species using sexual reproduction will be better assured of the ability to adapt to changing environmental conditions; the genetic material of the parent will be copied exactly
Which of the following would NOT result in an abnormality in offspring?
Extra chromosomes in a gamete; failure of chromatids to separate; formation of a polar body during gamete production; genetic mutation
Gregor Mendel, in his study of the characteristics of pea plants, developed an understanding of the role of hereditary expression of plant traits. His work led to the development of the branch of biology called
Botany; genetics; microbiology; plant physiology
If a human cell reproduces itself through mitosis, what is the correct number of chromosome PAIRS present in each daughter cell?
12; 23; 46; 92

21. A zygote is produced from which of the following processes?
What structure contains both the genetic material for a new plant and a stored food supply?
Fruit; pistil; seed; spores
A bee aids in the assurance of genetic variation of flowering plants by contributing to the process of
Cross pollination; germination; self pollination; vegetative propagation
During which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes divide and move to opposite poles of the cell?
Prophase; metaphase; anaphase; telophase
A zygote is produced from which of the following processes?
Fertilization; germination; meiosis; mitosis

22. Choose the best definition form ovum.
A cell produced by the union of male and female sex cells; a female sex cell; a male sex cell; the organ responsible for the production of reproductive cells
One strand of DNA has the following arrangement of nucleotides: ACTGA. What would be the nucleotide arrangement on the complementary strand?
Which of the following disorders is NOT a result of a genetic abnormality?
Down Syndrome; hemophilia; pneumonia; sickle cell anemia
Which of the following is the male structure of a flower?
Pistil; ovary; stigma; stamen
Meiosis results in the formation of
Cells with a haploid number of chromosomes; cells with a diploid number of chromosomes; cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell; cells with only one chromosome