1. Fire Service Academy 1 Concept for mass decontamination The influence of cultures Dick Arentsen & Herman Schreurs vfdb - Jahresfachtagung 2007 vom 20 – 23 Mai in Leipzig

2. vfdb - Jahresfachtagung 2007 vom 20 – 23 Mai Leipzig 2 Definition of mass decontamination Mass decontamination is where more than on person can be decontaminated simultaneously using the same equipment. The term “mass decontamination” as used here, therefore refers to the capacity of the method, NOT the number of people to whom it is applied.

3. vfdb - Jahresfachtagung 2007 vom 20 – 23 Mai Leipzig 3 Multiple incidents Organisations have normally planned on the assumption that they have adequate resources to handle one incident at any time. The experience of September 11 2001 and Madrid 2004 has shown that multiple incidents may have to be handled simultaneously, perhaps within the boundaries of a single authority. September 11, 2001 –New York, Washington and Pennsylvania Madrid, 2004 –Atocha, El Pozo, Santa Eugenia and Tellez

4. vfdb - Jahresfachtagung 2007 vom 20 – 23 Mai Leipzig 4 Significant incidents There will be an early demand for information from the public and the media about how people can protect themselves, their families and their property.

5. vfdb - Jahresfachtagung 2007 vom 20 – 23 Mai Leipzig 5 Media Hype Any significant incident will swiftly attract massive domestic and foreign media attention, and strong public and political interest.

6. vfdb - Jahresfachtagung 2007 vom 20 – 23 Mai Leipzig 6 Public confidence There could be adverse effects on public confidence. –Depending on the nature of the contamination, this could cause difficulties at the scene and/or significant public disorder.

7. vfdb - Jahresfachtagung 2007 vom 20 – 23 Mai Leipzig 7 High levels of decency Responders should display respect and empathy for victims or casualties and their property. The issues of public disrobing will be difficult for the majority of people and may be traumatic for some. Ensuring high levels of decency is vital.

8. vfdb - Jahresfachtagung 2007 vom 20 – 23 Mai Leipzig 8 Sensitive to other concerns Responders must always remain sensitive to the dignity, cultural and religious concerns and requirements of different communities and social groups and of the special needs of individuals. Sighted victims should be encouraged to assist blind or visually impaired victims through the mass decontamination facilities. The people affected by the release may not speak the language or may have hearing disabilities, perhaps inflicted temporarily due to the nature of the incident. Clear signage, pictograms or direction should be used.

9. vfdb - Jahresfachtagung 2007 vom 20 – 23 Mai Leipzig 9 Clear signage, pictograms

10. vfdb - Jahresfachtagung 2007 vom 20 – 23 Mai Leipzig 10 Family bonds Family units are particularly strong during disaster situations. There will be a strong imperative for victims to search for, or re-unite with, loved ones from whom they have become separated. Family units should always be kept together for as long as possible and care should be taken to re- assure victims that they will be re-united with family members as soon as practicable.

11. vfdb - Jahresfachtagung 2007 vom 20 – 23 Mai Leipzig 11 Signs and symptoms Responders may also experience many of the same emotional and behavioural responses as victims or casualties. Agencies must consider these issues and adopt procedures to minimise the long and short-term psychological effects. Many of the signs and symptoms associated with behavioural and emotional responses can be similar to those associated with exposure to CBRN. This has implications for responder training to help differentiate these characteristics.

12. vfdb - Jahresfachtagung 2007 vom 20 – 23 Mai Leipzig 12 Mass decontamination The Fire Service in The Netherlands is equipped with mobile mass decontamination units including Disrobe and Re- robe packs. These will normally be deployed at the edge of the hot and warm zone. The process will include disrobing, showering and re-robing.

13. vfdb - Jahresfachtagung 2007 vom 20 – 23 Mai Leipzig 13 Mass decontamination methods Mass decontamination methods include: –low-pressure water spray from a fire hose, –portable showers, –large, purpose-built mobile units –fixed facilities away from the scene of the incident. However, the method of decontamination will depend on the type of material that has been released. The identification and assessment of the hazard jointly by the emergency services will determine this.

14. vfdb - Jahresfachtagung 2007 vom 20 – 23 Mai Leipzig 14 Emergency decontamination A procedure carried out in advance of the deployment mass decontamination resources –Where it is judged as imperative that decontamination of people is carried out as soon as possible. –Improvisation may be needed

15. vfdb - Jahresfachtagung 2007 vom 20 – 23 Mai Leipzig 15 Decon lanes 80 % of the contamination is removed when undressed  Males and females should enter separate decon facilities, if possible  Help of Imam and / or Rabin  Young children should be permitted to accompany parent of either sex

16. vfdb - Jahresfachtagung 2007 vom 20 – 23 Mai Leipzig 16 Hot- / Warm- / Cold zone

17. vfdb - Jahresfachtagung 2007 vom 20 – 23 Mai Leipzig 17 Decontamination detergent 07-0309 REV Gebruiksaanwijziging Decontaminatie Unit Brandweer - Duits.doc07-0309 REV Gebruiksaanwijziging Decontaminatie Unit Brandweer - Duits.doc

18. Fire Service Academy 18 Questions?