1. Human Physiology Endocrine Glands Chapter 8

2. Hypothalamus and Pituitary A 50 year-old and has a pituitary tumor that produces excess amounts of growth hormone. Which of the following symptoms would you expect to observe as a result of this condition? A. Hyperglycemia. B. High blood levels of amino acids. C. Immune suppression. D. Decreased urine output. ANSWER

3. Hypothalamus and Pituitary A 50 year-old and has a pituitary tumor that produces excess amounts of growth hormone. Which of the following symptoms would you expect to observe as a result of this condition? A. Hyperglycemia. B. High blood levels of amino acids. C. Immune suppression. D. Decreased urine output.

4. Hypothalamus and Pituitary An antibody is injected into an experimental rat. This antibody binds to somatostatin (or GHIH) and makes it nonfunctional. The secretion of which hormone will be most affected, and in what direction? (↑ increase, ↓ decrease) HormoneChange Noticed A. GH ↓ B. ACTH ↑ C. LH ↓ D. FSH ↓ E. GH ↑ F. LH ↑ G. ACTH ↓ H. FSH ↑ ANSWER

5. Hypothalamus and Pituitary An antibody is injected into an experimental rat. This antibody binds to somatostatin (or GHIH) and makes it nonfunctional. The secretion of which hormone will be most affected, and in what direction? (↑ increase, ↓ decrease) HormoneChange Noticed A. GH ↓ B. ACTH ↑ C. LH ↓ D. FSH ↓ E. GH ↑ F. LH ↑ G. ACTH ↓ H. FSH ↑ ANSWER

6. Hypothalamus and Pituitary The disruption of the hypothalamic-pituitary portal circulation would result in which of the following alterations ( ↑ increase, ↓ decrease, ↔ no change) in circulating levels of hormones? ANSWER

7. Hypothalamus and Pituitary The disruption of the hypothalamic-pituitary portal circulation would result in which of the following alterations ( ↑ increase, ↓ decrease, ↔ no change) in circulating levels of hormones? B

8. Hypothalamus and Pituitary If all of the neural connections from the hypothalamus to the pituitary were severed (cut), the secretion of which of the following hormones would be most affected? Indicate for each hormone whether its secretion would be "affected" or "not affected.“ ANSWER Hormone Affected/not affected A. Vasopressin B. Oxytocin C. Prolactin D. ACTH E. GnRH

9. Hypothalamus and Pituitary If all of the neural connections from the hypothalamus to the pituitary were severed (cut), the secretion of which of the following hormones would be most affected? Indicate for each hormone whether its secretion would be "affected" or "not affected.“ Hormone Affected/not affected A. Vasopressin affected B. Oxytocin affected C. Prolactin not affected D. ACTH not affected E. GnRH not affected

10. Adrenal Glands ANSWER Hypotension (lower than normal blood pressure) accompanied by hyponatremia (decreased plasma sodium levels) and hyperkalemia (increased plasma potassium levels) could be due to A. elevated blood ACTH levels. B. low blood PTH levels. C. low blood aldosterone levels. D. elevated blood thyroxine levels.

11. Adrenal Glands Hypotension (lower than normal blood pressure) accompanied by hyponatremia (decreased plasma sodium levels) and hyperkalemia (increased plasma potassium levels) could be due to A. elevated blood ACTH levels. B. low blood PTH levels. C. low blood aldosterone levels. D. elevated blood thyroxine levels.

12. Adrenal Glands If the adrenal glands were removed from a patient, would you expect an increase or decrease in the plasma levels of the following hormones? HormoneIncrease/Decrease A. Cortisol B. ACTH C. CRH ANSWER

13. Adrenal Glands If the adrenal glands were removed from a patient, would you expect an increase or decrease in the plasma levels of the following hormones? HormoneIncrease/Decrease A. Cortisol Decrease B. ACTH Increase C. CRH Increase

14. Adrenal Glands ANSWER Selective destruction of the adrenal cortex would produce a deficiency of which hormone? A. Androstenedione. B. Aldosterone. C. Cortisol. D. Dehydroepiandrostenedione.

15. Adrenal Glands Selective destruction of the adrenal cortex would produce a deficiency of which hormone? A. Androstenedione. B. Aldosterone. C. Cortisol. D. Dehydroepiandrostenedione.

16. Adrenal Glands A 40-year old obese woman is in a clinic. Her physical and lab tests suggest that she is suffering from hyperglycemia,, muscle weakness, and increased circulating levels of ACTH. The most likely cause of her condition is A. Addison's disease. B. hyperthyroidism. C. hypothyroidism. D. Cushing's disease. ANSWER

17. Adrenal Glands A 40-year old obese woman is in a clinic. Her physical and lab tests suggest that she is suffering from hyperglycemia,, muscle weakness, and increased circulating levels of ACTH. The most likely cause of her condition is A. Addison's disease. B. hyperthyroidism. C. hypothyroidism. D. Cushing's disease.

18. ANSWER A 35-year-old woman has noted a weight gain of 15 lbs over the past year. On physical examination her blood pressure is higher than normal. Her glucose is 181 mg/dL. Which of the following would you expect to be present in this patient? A. Lung metastatic carcinoma (lung cancer). B. A prolactinoma (pituitary tumor producing more prolactin than normal) C. Grave's disease. D. An adrenal adenoma (a benign tumor of the adrenal gland). Adrenal Glands

19. A 35-year-old woman has noted a weight gain of 15 lbs over the past year. On physical examination her blood pressure is higher than normal. Her glucose is 181 mg/dL. Which of the following would you expect to be present in this patient? A. Lung metastatic carcinoma (lung cancer). B. A prolactinoma (pituitary tumor producing more prolactin than normal) C. Grave's disease. D. An adrenal adenoma (a benign tumor of the adrenal gland).

20. Thyroid and Parathyroid A 19-year old female student has had difficulty focusing on school work for the past month. She complains that the classrooms are too hot. She seems nervous about homework assignments, exams and grades. She has lost 10 lbs in the past month. On physical examination, her body temperature is 37.8 C, pulse 100/minute, respiratory rate 19/minute, and blood pressure 140/85 mm Hg. Which of the following laboratory findings is most likely to be present in this woman? A. Decreased catecholamines. B. Increased ACTH. C. Decreased iodine uptake. D. Decreased TSH. ANSWER

21. Thyroid and Parathyroid A 19-year old female student has had difficulty focusing on school work for the past month. She complains that the classrooms are too hot. She seems nervous about homework assignments, exams and grades. She has lost 10 lbs in the past month. On physical examination, her body temperature is 37.8 C, pulse 100/minute, respiratory rate 19/minute, and blood pressure 140/85 mm Hg. Which of the following laboratory findings is most likely to be present in this woman? A. Decreased catecholamines. B. Increased ACTH. C. Decreased iodine uptake. D. Decreased TSH.

22. Thyroid and Parathyroid A patient appears in a clinic complaining of fatigue and sensitivity to cold. He also has a lump in his neck near his larynx. Blood tests show that he has low levels of T3 and T4. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? A. Secondary hypothyroidism. B. Insufficient iodine in the patient's diet. C. Insufficient secretion of TRH. D. Secondary hyperthyroidism. ANSWER

23. Thyroid and Parathyroid A patient appears in a clinic complaining of fatigue and sensitivity to cold. He also has a lump in his neck near his larynx. Blood tests show that he has low levels of T3 and T4. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? A. Secondary hypothyroidism. B. Insufficient iodine in the patient's diet. C. Insufficient secretion of TRH. D. Secondary hyperthyroidism.

24. Pancreas and other Endocrine Glands Which gland is both an endocrine and an exocrine gland? A. Pituitary gland. B. Ovary. C. Pancreas. D. Thyroid gland. E. Pineal gland. ANSWER

25. Pancreas and other Endocrine Glands Which gland is both an endocrine and an exocrine gland? A. Pituitary gland. B. Ovary. C. Pancreas. D. Thyroid gland. E. Pineal gland.

26. Pancreas and other Endocrine Glands Which of the following hormone - gland relationships is incorrect? A. Glucagon – Pancreas. B. Human chorionic gonadotropin – Ovary. C. Melatonin – Pineal gland. D. Testosterone – Testis. ANSWER

27. Pancreas and other Endocrine Glands Which of the following hormone - gland relationships is incorrect? A. Glucagon – Pancreas. B. Human chorionic gonadotropin – Ovary. C. Melatonin – Pineal gland. D. Testosterone – Testis.

28. Pancreas and other Endocrine Glands A 51-year-old man with a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus comes to the physician for a routine examination. He notes that his blood glucose concentration has been persistently high over the past 4 months and he gained 20 lbs during the holidays. His diabetes has been more difficult to control because weight gain causes which of the following to occur? A. Downregulation of insulin receptors. B. Inhibition of insulin release. C. Increased expression of GLUT-4 transporters. D. Upregulation of insulin receptors. ANSWER

29. Pancreas and other Endocrine Glands A 51-year-old man with a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus comes to the physician for a routine examination. He notes that his blood glucose concentration has been persistently high over the past 4 months and he gained 20 lbs during the holidays. His diabetes has been more difficult to control because weight gain causes which of the following to occur? A. Downregulation of insulin receptors. B. Inhibition of insulin release. C. Increased expression of GLUT-4 transporters. D. Upregulation of insulin receptors.