1. Tuesday, February 19th We start World War I!!!! 3 more weeks until Spring Break Next week AIMS testing (Monday/Tuesday 10:30 dismissal) Collect warm ups!

2. Sub Report Here is the deal…

3. Warm Up Name 4 things that you already know about World War One

4. World War I: The Beginning The Stage is Set for War!

5. Learning Goals: Identify the major causes of unrest in Europe. Discuss the results of the strategy that was used during the early fighting of the war. Explain why the war settled into a stalemate.

6. The Great War: In a Nutshell The first war to include multiple countries The first war to include countries from Europe, the Middle East, and Asia--drawn together by complex alliance system The first “modern” war Use of modern technology: first airplanes, first tanks, first gas attack Most dead in a single battle The first “European” war the U.S. fought in Largest mobilization effort, to date Expected to be over by Christmas- 6 months turned into 4 years!!!!

7. The Great War: The Numbers

8. Causes: MAIN 4 MAIN Causes Militarism Alliances Imperialism Nationalism

9. Militarism Causes Competition for military superiority Use of industry to create military technology Effects Resulted in an “arms race” Resulted in the creation of new deadly war machines

10. Alliances What did militarism do? Feeling of militarism led European nations to sign secret treaties with each other pledging assistance if the other was attacked. Main idea: Created a system of alliances put one nation against another.

12. Immediate Causes of WWI The Allies Great Britain, France, Russia, and Serbia The Central Powers Austria-Hungary, Germany, the Ottoman Empire All countries are struggling for world domination. All countries consider themselves the most able to rule the world. All countries are bound to each other through complex alliances. All countries are unified in their support for the war. All countries are fully armed and hate every other country.

13. The Snowball Effect… In the spirit of nationalism and self- determination, the small country of Serbia seeks independence from Bosnia, the Ottoman Empire, and Austria-Hungary. The region, the Balkans, is THE highway for all trade and communication between Europe and Asia. The Balkans is a region ALL COUNTRIES want to control. The Balkans is convulsed by civil war.

14. The Balkans

15. Gathering Momentum… On June 28, 1914, Gavrilo Princip, a Serbian nationalist and member of the Black Hand, kills Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his family while they are supervising a military exercise in Sarajevo. Targeting the heir to the Austrian-Hungarian throne, Princip attempts to declare Serbia independence.

16. Immediate Cause: Assassinated by Gavrilo Princip- a Serbian Member of the “Black Hand” Assassination marks the immediate cause of the war

17. So What? Russia rushes to protect its ally Germany declares war on everyone Germany engages Schlieffen Plan, invading France first All sides expect a short war, over by Christmas 1914

18. The Funeral Procession

19. Degenerating to War: The Fall of 1914 June 28, 1914: Austria-Hungarian Archduke assassinated July 28, 1914: Austria-Hungary mobilizes army and declares war on Serbia July 31, 1914: Russia mobilizes army against Austria- Hungary to protect Serbian ally August 1, 1914: Germany declares war on Russia August 3, 1914: Germany declares war on France August 4, 1914: Germany invades Belgium August 4, 1914: Angered, Great Britain declares war on Germany August 6, 1914: Austria-Hungary declares war on Russia

20. The Alliance System The Triple Alliance A.K.A. The Central Powers, “The Bad Guys”, “The Huns” Formed by secret alliance treaties in 1887 Purpose to take back land from France and balance power Included Austria-Hungary, Germany, and the Ottoman Empire The Triple Entente A.K.A. The Allies, The “Good Guys”, “Tommies” (G.B.), “Doughboys” (U.S.A.) Formed by treaty in 1907 Purpose to challenge German naval control Included Great Britain, France, Russia, Serbia, and the U.S.A.

23. Alliances created a fragile balance of power.

25. Imperialism Why did this cause WWI? Quest for colonial empires. Caused tension and conflict between nations competing for colonies in the world. Caused by industrialization and the need for raw materials and markets to sell goods.

27. Nationalism Causes  The belief that each country was culturally superior to any other countries Evident in the competition for resources Long term cultural hatred (the Russians hated the Germans, the Bosnians hated the Serbs, the Ottomans hated the Greeks, etc) Based on social customs, religion, cultural accomplishments Unified people Effects Resulted in a global effort to prove superiority Evident in growth of military, the growth of industry, the acquisition of territories Resulted in large scale international tension

28. Modern Day examples…

30. Main Idea System of alliances turned a local conflict into a World War.

31. Activity: