1. How to Write the Essay!

2.  To evaluate your ability to analyze historical changes and continuities that have shaped events, social, political, economic developments in history and ability to gauge your analysis of global processes.  This is really a high-level analysis of history.

3. What do they Mean?

4.  This essay question deals specifically with analysis of continuities and changes over time. The specific time is 1940 – 2000. It addresses, for example, race relations, religion, foreign policy, economic policy, or environment.  The continuity and change over time questions require analysis of process and explanation of causation with specific examples.

5. Change  Recognize it as it occurs in history.  Identify & Understand the causes of change Continuity  Recognize factors which remain the same throughout an entire period  Identify & Understand factors which allow this to continue

6.  Must discuss, utilize concrete detail and analyze changes that occurred relevant to the prompt and correctly!  If the prompt discusses command terms (social and political) you need to focus on political and social changes.  If your prompt is more vague, you need to think of aspects to base your analysis

7.  The prompt also asks you to address continuities, generally these are patterns or tendencies that remain the same for years and years.  You need to have concrete detail (facts) to back up your continuities.

8. How to read the question

9.  Read the question  Determine  “What” – topic  “Who” – society or region  “When” – parameter of dates  List the Continuities  Build a timeline for Change  list events for the topic  Beginning, middle, end

10. Analyze two changes and one continuity of ____________________ for the time period of 1940 – 2000. Insert your topic

11. Setting up Clear Wrting

12. Continuities Continuity #1 Changes Beginning Date End Date 19402000

14. How to Write Clearly

15.  Paragraph 1  Introduction with thesis statement  Paragraph 2  Discuss a specific change and why the change occurred.  Paragraph 3  Discuss a second specific change and why the change occurred.  Paragraph 4  Discuss a specific continuity and why that continuity occurred  Paragraph 5  Conclusion

16.  While _________ stayed the same, in the period from _______ to __________, _________ changed from __________ to ____________ and _________ changed from _________ to __________, This is a sample….not the best thesis!!

17.  Unacceptable:  The role of women both changed and stayed the same during this period.  The role of women was significant during this time period.  Acceptable  From 1940-2000 women played a significant role in American society, however their role shifted in the workplace and politically.  Excellent:  While women remained the foundation for family life from 1940-2000 in the United States, their role in the workplace and politics changed as their role became more legitimized by passage of legislation.

18. CHANGE WORDSCONTINUITY WORDS now before gradually until that time Later up to that time Eventuallyformerly immediately as things evolved at once in the century at this point over time Nextironically afterward previously soon carry on persistent Proceedsustained Stayenduring Persistongoing Remainconstant Unceasingsustained Preservemaintained Retainuphold

19. Clearly Writing

20.  Background Information  Write 2-3 sentence to set up the time period  Thesis  Put your excellent thesis at the end of the paragraph  Use your change and continuity words

21.  Change Paragraph  Topic sentence  Set up characteristics at beginning of time period ▪ Use specific examples and dates - evidence  Describe significant change, turning point, or developments  Use specific examples and dates - evidence  Analyze (give reasons) why this changes occurred  Set up characteristics at end of period ▪ Use specific examples and dates - evidence

22.  Change Paragraph (2 nd Change)  Topic sentence  Set up characteristics at beginning of time period ▪ Use specific examples and dates - evidence  Describe significant change, turning point, or developments  Use specific examples and dates - evidence  Analyze (give reasons) why this changes occurred  Set up characteristics at end of period ▪ Use specific examples and dates - evidence

23.  Continuity Paragraph  Topic sentence  Give specific example of continuity (related to topic) in the time period  Give reasons (analyze) why this continuity occurred  Describe the context for the continuities

24.  Restate Thesis  Show that you have proved your case  Summarize the basic trends of the time period as related to the question

25. Proof that you Wrote Clearly

26.  1 pt  Has an acceptable thesis.  Must be explicitly stated in the introduction or conclusion ofthe essay.  May appear as 1 sentence or as multiple (contiguous) sentences.  May not be split among separated sentences, or a mere restatement of the question.

27.  2 pts – 1 pt  Addresses all parts of the question, though not necessarily evenly or thoroughly  For 2 Points: Address BOTH change AND continuity.  Addresses most parts of the question: for example, addresses change but not continuity.) 1 pt  For 1 Point: Address EITHER change OR continuity.

28.  2pts  Substantiates thesis with appropriate historical evidence. 2 pts  Provides 6 pieces of accurate evidence of change and/or continuity.  evidence for continuity or change must be related to topic of question  at least 2 piece of evidence must be a continuity, and at least 1 must be a change.

29.  1 pt  Partially substantiates thesis with appropriate historical evidence. 1 pt  Provides 3 pieces of accurate evidence of change and/or continuity.  evidence for continuity or change must be related to question topic.

30.  2 pt.  Analyzes the process of continuity and change over time. 2 pt  Analyze (with accuracy and specificity) the causes and/or effects of either change or continuity during the time period.  Analysis may NOT count as the thesis point.  Analysis “Cue” Words  because caused / caused by  led to  came from  in order to  due to

31.  Expands beyond basic core of 1–7 points.  The basic core score of 7 must be achieved before a student can earn expanded core points

32.  Has a clear, analytical, and comprehensive thesis.  Addresses all parts of the question (as relevant): global context, chronology, causation, change, continuity, effects, content  Provides ample historical evidence to substantiate thesis. The essay is rich in detail.  Provides links to external events outside of immediate circumstances and discusses how the event impacts continuity/change.  Concludes in a manner other than restating or paraphrasing prompt.  Writing is nearly grammatically perfect, devoid of 1sr or 2 nd person, passive voice, pronoun ambiguity, sentence fragments or run-on sentences. Vocab usage is fluid and stylistic – not non- sensical or overdone

33.  Typed  12 point font size  Times New Roman, Calibri, or Cambria font style  1 inch margins on all sides  Page number in right side footer  Student Name, Date, and Teacher Name and Class Period on top left of first page, single spaced  Essay title centered and bold, double spaced  Essay text – paragraphs indented, double spaced, justified lines (see formatting guide for example) 

34.  6 sources other than textbook and notes  3 of the 6 MUST be an academic journal  Cite sources in Chicago style

35.  Your paper is not submitted until you receive an email receipt from turnitin.com stating that it has been submitted.  < 15% similarity rate  One point will be deducted for every percentage point over 15%