1. History Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Dutch Cloth Inspector 1684

2. “wee animalcules” Reported to the Royal Academy of Science

3. - 1822- 1895 French Chemist “Chance Favors the Prepared Mind” - Spontaneous Generation 1864 Swan-necked Flask Ignored Spores Louis Pasteur

4. John Tyndall - Helped Pasteur Twice 1. Tyndall box Air 2. Tyndallization Method to sterilize heat sensitive materials Boil Incubate Boil Incubate Boil Sterile

5. Germ theory Pasteur – Wine disease Lady Montagu

6. Lady Montagu, 1718 Introduced variolation to England

7. Edward Jenner 1798 Smallpox vaccination

8. Ignaz Semmelweis, 1850 Asked Doctors to wash hands between patients

9. Robert Lister,1867 Introduced antiseptics to hospital

10. Robert Koch Anthrax Koch’s postulates

11. Koch’s Postulates 1. Suspected pathogen always present in diseased animal 2. Isolated microorganism in pure culture 3. Re-inoculate healthy organism with pure culture and cause disease 4. Re-isolate the pathogen in pure culture Began the Concept of “Guinea Pig”? Lead to Discovery of the Cause of Tuberculosis

12. Chicken Cholera Pasteur at his best? Attempted Koch’s postulates Used old (attenuated) cultures Re-inoculates Chicken Protective “Vaccine”

13. Pasteur’s Chicken Cholera Experiment 1 st Experiment Healthy Chickens Old Culture Fresh Culture Live ChickenDead Chickens 2 nd Experiment Attenuated Vaccinated Virulent

14. Rabies Vaccine Charles Chamberlain Filterable “Viruses” Farmer’s Cure? Dried Spinal Tissue Attenuated Virus? Joseph Meister First Rabies Vaccine

15. Antimicrobial Agents Paul Ehrlich Agent 606 Domagk - Prontosil Alexander Fleming 1929 - Penicillin Alexander Fleming

17. Selman Waksman, 1942 Streptomycin Rutgers's Waksman Institute

18. Modern Molecular Microbiology Watson&Crick 1953

19. Kohler & Milstein 1979 - Monoclonal Antibodies George Kohler Cesar Milstein

20. Boyer & Cohen 1975 - Recombinant DNA

21. Woese & Fox Archaea – 1977 George Fox Carl Woese

22. Stanley Pruisner 1981 Prions

23. Genomics Kary Mullis – 1988 Polymerase Chain Reaction PCR – “DNA copying”

24. Craig Ventor & Hamilton Smith 1995 Bacterial Genome Human Genome 2000?

25. Ed Delong Marine Archaea Proteorhodopsin SAR

26. Metagenomics Craig Ventor

27. Microbiology Timeline

28. History Word List Antonio vanSemmelweisAttenuation LeeuwenhoekLister 1867Chamberlain 1684Robert KochViruses SpontaneousAnthrax 1876Alexander GenerationKoch’sFleming 1864Postulates1929 Louis PasteurTuberculosisWaksman Germ TheoryChickenWatson Lady MontaguCholeraCrick 1953 Jenner 1798Vaccine1975

29. George Kohler & Cesar Milstein, 1979 Monoclonal Antibodies Stanley Cohen & Herbert Boyer Recombinant DNA Carl Woese & George Fox, 1977 Archaea Stanley Pruisner, 1981 Prions Kary Mullins, 1988 PCR Craig Ventor & Hamilton Smith, 1995 Human Genome Project 2000 Word list 2