1. written form of a language
literary tradition

2. form of a language spoken in a local area
dialect

3. a group of languages that share a common origin but have since evolved into individual languages
language branch

4. language family
group of languages that share a common ancestor before recorded history

5. 2nd largest language family
Sino-Tibetan

6. roots of language trees below the surface represent
possible prehistoric super families

7. the trunks of trees depict
language families

8. Germanic invaders of England
Saxons, Jutes, and Angles

9. Angles and Normans contributed to the development of the English language because
they invaded England

10. Why is English the most important language of North America?
the diffusion of English colonies

11. The first speakers of the language that evolved into English were tribes that lived in present-day
Denmark.

12. English is part of the __________________ language group.
West-Germanic

13. English is part of the ____________________ language branch.
Germanic

14. Which group of the Germanic family is extinct?
East-Germanic

15. Why has the Icelandic language changed very little?
Isolation from other places

16. English is part of which language family?
Indo-European

17. the results of Isolation causes a language to become two languages
when people migrate and become isolated from other members of their group
the results of Isolation causes a language to become two languages

18. Italian, French, Romanian, Portuguese, and Spanish
Romance languages
Italian, French, Romanian, Portuguese, and Spanish

19. the language spoken throughout the Roman Empire by soldiers
Vulgar Latin

20. widely spoken language in Brazil
Portuguese

21. mix of indigenous and colonial languages
creolized language

22. most widely spoken Indo-European language is
English

23. four most frequently spoken branches of Indo-European
Germanic, Romance, Indo-Iranian, and Balto-Slavic

24. 2 most important languages of South America
Portuguese and Spanish

25. Flemings and Walloons live in
Belgium.

26. Flemings and Walloons speak languages that belong to different
language branches.

27. official languages of Switzerland
Romansh, French, Italian, and German

28. Russian/language branch
Balto-Slavic

29. most important language of Pakistan
Urdu

30. Celtic languages
revived in parts of the British Isles, spoken in France, threatened by extinction in England, and extensive body of literature.

31. Marija Gimbutas theory points to the first speakers of Indo-European as the
Kurgans

32. from present day Russia and Kazakhstan
The Kurgans
from present day Russia and Kazakhstan

33. Basque is spoken primarily in
the Pyrenees Mountains.

34. according to Colin Rehfrew’s
Indo-European language diffused across Europe with the diffusion of agriculture. This is the Anatolian hearth theory.

35. Sino-Tibetan and Indo-European
world’s largest language families

36. language family encompassing the Peoples Republic of China
Sino-Tibetan

37. language spoken by the greatest number of native speakers in the world
Mandarin
language spoken by the greatest number of native speakers in the world

38. Chinese is written in the form of
ideograms

39. example of a revived language
Hebrew
example of a revived language

40. Indo-European language is spoken here
Bulgaria
Indo-European language is spoken here

41. 2nd most widely spoken language family in Europe
Uralic
2nd most widely spoken language family in Europe

42. individual languages in Africa resulted primarily from
thousands of years of isolation between tribal groups

43. most important language family in Sub-Saharan Africa is
Niger-Congo

44. distinction of African languages
linguist continue to add newly discovered languages to the African list

45. mutually understood language by people who have different native languages
lingua franca

46. development of different dialects in England
different Germanic invaders settled in different regions

47. differences in British and American English
pronunciation, prevalent dialects, vocabulary, and spelling

48. Which immigrants to the American colonies had the most diverse backgrounds?
Middle Atlantic

49. boundary between language regions
isogloss

50. use of English in the French language
franglais