Presentation is loading. Please wait.

Presentation is loading. Please wait.

The Cultural Landscape: An Introduction to Human Geography

Similar presentations


Presentation on theme: "The Cultural Landscape: An Introduction to Human Geography"— Presentation transcript:

1 The Cultural Landscape: An Introduction to Human Geography
Chapter 5: Language The Cultural Landscape: An Introduction to Human Geography

2 Where Are English Language Speakers Distributed?
Origin and diffusion of English English is spoken by 328 million as a first language

3 English-Speaking Countries
Figure 5-2

4 Where Are English Language Speakers Distributed?
Origin and diffusion of English English colonies Origins of English German invasions Norman invasions Figure 5-3

5 Where Are English Language Speakers Distributed?
Dialects of English Dialect = a regional variation of a language Isogloss = a word-usage boundary Standard language = a well-established dialect

6 Where Are English Language Speakers Distributed?
Dialects of English Dialects In England Differences between British & American English Figure 5-5

7 Where Are English Language Speakers Distributed?
Figure 5-7 Dialects of English Dialects in the US Settlement in eastern US Current differences in the eastern US Pronunciation differences

8 Where Are English Language Speakers Distributed?

9 Soft Drink Differences
Figure 5-8

10 Why Is English Related to Other Languages?
Indo-European branches Language branch Collection of related languages 8 branches 4 have many speakers: Germanic Indo-Iranian Balto-Slavic Romance

11 Branches of the Indo-European Family
Figure 5-9

12 Why Is English Related to Other Languages?
Indo-European branches Germanic German invasion of England 1500 years ago West Most similar to English High Low North Scandinavia Figure 5-10

13 Why Is English Related to Other Languages?
Indo-European branches Indo-Iranian Most speakers Over 100 languages 2 Groups: Indic (Eastern) Hindi Iranian (Western) Figure 5-11

14 Why Is English Related to Other Languages?
Indo-European branches Balto-Slavic East Slavic & Baltic Most widely used Russian West Slavic & South Slavic Czechoslovakia Polish, Czech, Slavic Hostility between Bosnians, Croats, Serbs 3 distinct languages

15 Why Is English Related to Other Languages?
Indo-European branches Romance Latin origin Spanish, Portuguese, French, Italian Mountains Romance Language Dialects Francien Castilian

16 Romance Branch Figure 5-12

17 Why Is English Related to Other Languages?
Indo-European branches 2 distinct languages or 2 dialects of the same language? Creole Mix of colonizer’s language & indigenous language

18 Why Is English Related to Other Languages?
Origin and diffusion of Indo-European A “Proto-Indo-European” language? Internal evidence

19 Nomadic Warrior Theory
Kurgans 4300BC Nomadic herders of horses & cattle Searched for grasslands Figure 5-14

20 Sedentary Farmer Theory
Lived more than 2000 years before Kurgans Language spread through agricultural practices Figure 5-15

21 Where Are Other Language Families Distributed?
Classification of languages Indo-European = largest language family 46% of the world’s population speak an Indo-European language

22 Language Family Tree Figure 5-17

23 Language Families Figure 5-16

24 Where Are Other Language Families Distributed?
Classification of languages Sino-Tibetan = 2nd largest language family 21% of the world’s population speaks a Sino-Tibetan language Mandarin: most used language in the world Ideograms

25 Where Are Other Language Families Distributed?
Languages of East and Southeast Asia Austronesian Indonesia Javanese = most widely spoken Austo-Asiatic Vietnamese = most widely spoken Japanese Uses phonetic symbols like Western languages Korean

26 Where Are Other Language Families Distributed?
Languages of the Middle East and Central Asia Afro-Asiatic Arabic = most widely spoken Altaic Turkish = most widely spoken Uralic Estonian, Hungarian, and Finnish

27 Where Are Other Language Families Distributed?
African language families Extensive linguistic diversity 1,000 distinct languages & thousands of dialects Figure 5-19

28 Where Are Other Language Families Distributed?
African language families Niger-Congo 95% of sub-Saharan Africans speak a Niger-Congo language Nilo-Saharan Khoisan “Click” languages San Bushmen Figure 5-20

29 Why Do People Preserve Languages?
Preserving language diversity Extinct languages 473 “endangered” languages today Examples Reviving extinct languages: Hebrew Preserving endangered languages: Celtic

30 Why Do People Preserve Languages?
Preserving language diversity Multilingual states Walloons & Flemings in Belgium Isolated languages Basque Icelandic Figure 5-23

31 Why Do People Preserve Languages?
Global dominance of English English: example of a lingua franca Lingua franca = an international language Pidgin language = a simplified version of a language Expansion diffusion Ebonics Job opening

32 Why Do People Preserve Languages?
Global dominance of English Diffusion to other languages Franglais French Academy (1635) = arbiter of French language Spanglish Denglish

33 The End.


Download ppt "The Cultural Landscape: An Introduction to Human Geography"

Similar presentations


Ads by Google