1. NO RTW Monday, Sept. 14 th Objective: I will be able to describe the major historical contributions to oceanography. Agenda: Read pgs. 2-4 through 2-22 Answer all the “Study Questions” on a separate sheet of paper (due at end of class) Be sure to write the question and answer for each. Homework: None

2. Did You Know? The speed of sound in water is 1,435 m/sec - nearly five times faster than the speed of sound in air.1,435 This is why Whale songs can be heard from so far away. Tuesday, September 15 th

3. NO RTW Tuesday, Sept. 15 th Objective: I will be able to describe the major historical contributions to oceanography. Agenda: Finish reading pgs. 2-4 through 2-22 Answer all the “Study Questions” on a separate sheet of paper (due at end of class) Be sure to write the question and answer for each. Pass out Unit 2 GOW (pg. ) and TOC (pg.) Homework: None

4. Pg. 22 RTW: How did the Vikings improve on the sailboat? Objective: I will learn about some of the major scientific expeditions and early explorations! Agenda: Review Study Questions? Notes on History of Exploration Pg. 23 in ISN Begin Explorer Project (Fakebook) Homework: Please be sure to keep up with notes you have might have a pop quiz! Wednesday, September 16 th

6. Voyages of Discovery  Explorers and Navigators The first vessels- 3000 B.C. Merchants 2000 B.C. Fall of the Roman Empire

7. 5000 B.C to 800 A.D Egyptians- made the first sailboats Phoenicians- made the first trade routes (Mediterranean) Polynesians- made primitive maps and were the first to have long distance open ocean voyages. Greeks- Major advancements in navigation Pytheas- mapped out latitude using the North Star Eratosthenes- calculated Earth’s circumference.

8. 800 A.D to 1400 A.D Vikings- Improved sailboats Bigger sails Oarsmen if no wind Flat-bottom boats (get closer to land)  Sea exploration was only done by Vikings This lasted from about 800-1100 A.D. (the middle of the dark ages)

9. Major Viking discoveries 9 th century: warming climate led to melting N. Atlantic ice, this allowed more Viking voyages through previously frozen area. Discoveries: Iceland (mild climate) Greenland (frozen land) North America (Newfoundland Canada) led by Leif Eriksson Leif Eriksson day is Oct. 9 th

10. Middle Ages = Dark Ages In Europe Any thoughts on why they were called the dark ages? Knowledge of geography and science entered an intellectual “darkness” there was also, poor communication and lack of education.

11. Meanwhile… In China… During the European “Dark Ages” other parts of the world, were making intellectual progress. In 1125 the magnetic compass was invented and being used by the Chinese sailors.

12. The End of the Dark Ages Bartholomeu Dias A Portuguese navigator 1487-Sailed around the tip of Africa, which he called: "Cape of Storms" (Cabo das Tormentas). Later named the Cape of Good Hope

13. Christopher Columbus 1492 went to sea to find a new route to India for trade, he headed west and crossed the Atlantic and landed in the Bahamas Later he reached South and Central America

14. Later Expeditions John Cabot- 1497 left England and sailed to what is now Delaware. Vasco Nunez de Balboa – 1500s crossed the Isthmus of Panama, first to see the East coast of the Pacific Amerigo Vespucci explored 9600 km of coastline from North to South America Mapmakers in Europe named the Americas after him First to recognize S. America as it’s own continent

15. Later Expeditions Cont. Ferdinand Magellan, a Portuguese navigator, was the first to attempt to circumnavigate the earth Francis Drake- 1577 second successful circumnavigation of the world, his purpose was to raid Spanish ships for treasure.

16. Fakebook Profile You will create a fake Facebook profile for your assigned explorer. (Google: “fakebook teacher”) Explorers 1. Phoenicians 2. Polynesians 3. Greeks 4. Chinese 5. Vikings 6. Portuguese Google: “ocean motion timeline”

17. Pg. 22 RTW: Who attempted to circumnavigate the world and died in the process? Objective: I will learn about some of the major scientific expeditions and early explorations! Agenda: Work on Explorer Project (Fakebook) Homework: Please be sure to keep up with notes you have might have a pop quiz! Thursday, September 17 th

18. Fakebook Profile Include: Profile Picture Name Wallpaper/background picture About Me Section Born or time spent exploring/navigating Hometown Job Relationship Status Wallposts (at least 5 that are informational) Friends/Enemies

19. Pg. 22 RTW: Why were the Dark Ages called that? Objective: I will learn about some of the major scientific expeditions and early explorations! Agenda: Pop Quiz! Finish Explorer Fakebook profile Homework: Finish Fakebook if not already turned in Friday, September 18 th