1. Building Blocks of Effective Teamwork

2. Building Blocks Purpose Explore the stages of group development
Define the concept of team
Identify elements of effective teamwork
Book: Death by Meetings by Patrick Lencione

3. Tuckman’s Model of Group Development
5 Stages
Forming
Storming
Norming
Performing
Adjourning
Tuckman, B. W. (1965). Developmental sequence in small groups.
Psychological Bulletin, 63,

4. Forming Stage
Characterized by dependency on the group leader, lack of group identity, uncertainty about the group’s purpose, and lack of trust.
Questioning
Why are we here? What is our purpose? What are we supposed to do? How can we do this?
Leader
How can leader move group through this stage?
Guidance
Direction
Orientation (mission, vision, values, goals)
Team building
Structure
Member
Testing to identify interpersonal and task behaviors/boundaries

5. Storming Stage
Characterized by conflict and confrontation, resistance, testing, and role ambiguity.
Leader
What should leader do in this situation?
Establish boundaries
Support members who may feel isolated or frustrated
Ensure fair treatment of members
Renew commitment to the group’s objectives so members do not lose interest
Members
Jockeying for position (leaders within the group)
Establish boundaries/work rules

6. Norming Stage
Characterized by cohesiveness and group identity. Standards and attitudes that guide behavior are established. Members avoid conflict and seek harmony.
Leader
How can leader effectively navigate this stage?
Encourage active participation
Delegate
Members
Share ideas
Establish relationships
Temporarily abandon task in favor of interpersonal relationships
Willingness to get more involved in group activities
Committed to task at hand

7. Performing Stage
Characterized by interdependence, cooperation, and open communication among group members. Group effectively balances work and relational matters (both task and people-oriented) and accomplishes goals of the group.
Leader
How can leader effectively lead through this stage?
Allow the group independence to move forward with the task at hand
Step back
Assist with problem solving

8. Adjourning Stage Characterized by termination of the group. Leader
What should leader’s role be in this stage?
Understand reasons why acting out may occur
Celebrate individual and group successes
Allow members to grieve
Members
Celebrate successes
Grieve loss of interpersonal relationships that were developed

9. Stages of Group Development
forming
performing
storming
Most models show this as linear, but not always as this diagram demonstrates.
Some groups move swiftly through various stages.
norming
adjourning

10. Team
“A small number of people with complementary skills who are committed to a common purpose, performance goals, and approach for which they hold themselves mutually accountable.”
John Katzenbach & Doug Smith, The Wisdom of Teams, 1993, Harvard Business School Press, p. 45.
What is a team?
What characteristics define a team?
At which stage of group development does a group become or resemble a team? Performing

11. Characteristics of Teams
Leadership Becomes a Shared Activity
Collective Accountability
Purpose/Mission/Goal
Problem Solving
Measure of Effectiveness

12. Building Blocks How did you accomplish your group’s goal?
What was it like working in your group?
What was it like from the perspective of a worker, supervisor, manager?
What would have made your group more effective?
What did you want from your leader? Group members?
What roles did individuals in the group take on?
How could teamwork have been enhanced?
What can you take away from this activity?

13. Group Roles Relational Roles Task Roles Encourager Initiator
Opinion giver
Elaborator
Recorder
Relational Roles
Encourager
Harmonizer
Compromiser
Follower
Pass out Team Facilitation handout

14. Teamwork
How can leaders develop effective teams (progress from a group, committee, etc. to a team)?
Within the various stages, there are different things leaders can do. See handout and notes.
Utilize strengths of team members
Encourage active participation
Recognize individuals for the role they play within the group
Leadership as relational

15. Essence of Teamwork
Teamwork is essential. It allows you to blame someone else.
~Proverb