1. The Colonies Grow
Chapter 4

2. Life in the Colonies
New England Colonies
Between a million people immigrated to the colonies
Women marry early and have large families
Meetinghouse was in the center of town
Used for church and town meetings
Small farms in New England Colonies
Long Winters, rocky soil
Subsistence Farming—just enough to meet their own needs

3. 4. Commerce in New England
a. Many small businesses
b. Used waterpower from streams to run mills
c. Skilled craftspeople
d. Shipbuilding was important industry
1. Lumber from the forests
e. Fishing—cod, halibut, crabs, lobster
5. Colonial Trade
a. New England Ships sailed south to West Indies and across the Atlantic carrying fish, furs and fruit

4. 6. Triangular Trade
a. First Leg of Trip—brought sugar and molasses from West Indies to the New England Colonies.
b. Second Leg---Molasses turned into rum and sent to West Africa and trade for enslaved Africans
c. Final Leg---Enslaved Africans taken to West Indies where they are sold to planters

7. 7. The Middle Passage
a. The inhumane part of the triangular trade shipping enslaved Africans to the West Indies
b. Length of the Trip
1. Some Trips took 40 to DAYS!!!
c. About 18 Million Africans transported from Africa
d. Estimated 3 million died during the
Middle Passage
YouTube - Presentation Amistad clip

8. You are a SLAVE SHIP--Write 5 Sentences describing what you feel, see, and hear during the Middle Passage.

9. B. The Middle Colonies
1. Industries of the Middle Colonies
a. Fertile Soil, milder climate
b. Great large quantities of wheat
1. Cash Crops---crops sold easily
c. Lumbering, mining, manufacturing
2. German Immigrants
a. 100,000 German Immigrants settle in Pennsylvania
b. Middle Colonies have much more Cultural Diversity

10. C. The Southern Colonies
1. Rich Soil—Warm Climate
2. Tobacco and Rice
a. Tobacco cash crop of Maryland and
Virginia
b. Southern Planters switch from
Indentured Servants to enslaved
Africans
c. Main Cash crop of South Carolina
and Georgia was rice
1. Relied of slave labor

11. 3. Tidewater and Backcounrty
a. Southern Plantations located in the Tidewater section
1. flat, low-lying plains along the sea coast
b. Plantations are self-contained communities
c. Backcountry was region of hills and forests climbing towards the Appalachian Mts.
1. Backcountry farmers outnumbered Plantation owners but had little economic and political power

12. D. Slavery
1. Most lived on Plantations
2. Large Plantations hired Overseers to keep slaves working hard
3. Slave Codes
a. Strict rules governing behavior and punishment of enslaved Africans
1. Had to have a pass to leave plantation
2. Not allowed to read or write
3. Punishment for running around

13. 4. African Traditions
a. Families Torn Apart
b. Plantation slaves found rich source of strength in their African roots
5. Criticism of Slavery
a. Some colonist did not believe in Slavery
b. Quakers and Mennonites condemned slavery
c. Debate would continue