1. The Second Industrial Revolution

2. Steel Second Industrial Revolution – a period of rapid growth in U.S. manufacturing in the late 1800’s. U.S. is the world’s industrial leader by mid 1890’s Bessemer process  Increases the efficiency in which iron ore is turned into steel – What was built across the United States during the 1800’s that we talked about in our last unit that required a lot of steel? – U.S. places tarriffs on foreign steel U.S. places tarriffs on foreign steel

5. Riding the Rails As steel drops, so too does the cost of riding the railroads George Pullman’s  Sleeping cars The invention of airbrakes makes travel by train much safer

6. Cornelius Vanderbilt Vanderbilt University is named for him 1794-1877 Nicknamed the “Colossus of Roads” Built his wealth on shipping and the railroad industry At the time of his death he was worth approximately $150,000,000 – How much does that equate to in 2012 dollars?

7. $3,000,000,000

8. New Sources of Light and Power Petroleum as a power source  Kerosene Oil Industry booms Electricity – Thomas Edison Has over 1,000 patents 1879 the lightbulb is invented 1880’s, George Westinghouse establishes power plants and electricity soon powers homes across the country

9. Advances in Communications Telegraph continues to be improved – Transatlantic cable is run in 1861 – Drawbacks of the telegraph Only written messages Difficult for untrained people to use Alexander Graham Bell – Invents the telephone – Required thousands of miles of wires to be installed. Boston and New York City were connected by phone in 1884

10. Automobiles and Planes 1876 the gasoline powered engine is invented by Nikolaus A. Otto By the early 1900’s thousands of cars were being built in the United States – Early on cars were too expensive for the average person – Gradually the price drops, roads are improved, traffic laws are passed, and the driving test is administered

11. Driving Test What are the green signs on roads called? What is the speed limit on the autobahn in Germany?

12. Automobiles and Planes 2 Orville and Wilbur Wright Originally bicycle makers Kitty Hawk, North Carolina on December 17, 1903 the first piloted flight took place Flew about 100 feet for approximately 12 seconds