1. Chapter 19, Section 1 The Second Industrial Revolution

2. Second Industrial Revolution
The first industrial revolution started in America in the early 1800s
The first major industry was in the New England states producing textiles (cloth)
It brought workers to cities to work in factories
Technological advances led to the second industrial revolution in the late 1800s
By the mid-1890s the US was the world’s industrial leader

3. Bessemer Process
Who? – Henry Bessemer invented it and Andrew Carnegie dominated the steel industry using it
What? – a way to manufacture steel quickly and cheaply by blasting hot air through melted iron to quickly remove the impurities
When? – mid-1850s
Where? – US (particularly PA)
Why important? –
Story of US: Carnegie

4. Factors Affecting Industrial Growth
Greater ability to use natural resources
A growing population and rising immigration created large work force and more consumers of goods
Inventions and innovations (like the Bessemer process and the assembly line) increased production
Increasing business investment (capital from business people and the sale of stock)
Govt. policies that assisted businesses (such as protective tariffs and providing land grants to railroad companies)

5. Impact of Railroads on Society and the Economy
Manufacturers sent products to market faster
Cities where rail lines crossed grew rapidly
Spurred western growth and development
Employed large numbers of people in the railroad industry
Sleeping cars improved passenger service
Refrigerated cars increased the nation’s food supply

6. Production of Oil
In the 1850s chemists invented a way to convert crude oil into kerosene, which was then used in cooking, heating, and lighting
Edwin Drake proved it was possible to drill for oil underground in Titusville, PA

7. Patents
Patent – a document that gives inventors exclusive rights to make or sell inventions (or sell use of them) for a set amount of time
Patents allow inventors to protect their inventions from being manufactured by others so they alone can profit off of their ideas
POTATO MASHER PATENT DRAWING

8. Thomas Edison
Who? – inventor who was interested in the uses of electricity
What? – had over 1,000 patents including the electric light bulb, phonograph, and motion picture projector
When? – late 1800s
Where? – research lab in Menlo Park, NJ
Why important? –

9. Henry Ford Who? – businessman who produced cars
What? – first to use the assembly line in manufacturing when producing the Model T car (1908)
When? – early 1900s
Where? – Detroit, MI
Why important? –

10. Wright Brothers Who? – brothers Orville and Wilbur who were inventors
What? – built a light-weight airplane with a small gas engine that made the first piloted flight
When? – 1903
Where? – Kitty Hawk, NC
Why important? –

11. Alexander Graham Bell
Communication over distances improved with Bell’s invention of the telephone
Previously they relied on the telegraph
Telegraph carried only written messages and required trained people to operate it
Anyone could use the telephone

12. Other Inventions Important in the Late 1800s
Sewing machine – Elias Howe and Isaac Singer
Typewriter – Christopher Sholes (of Milwaukee)
Air-brake for trains – George Westinghouse (allowed trains to have more cars to ship more goods and made them safer)
Power system to send electricity across many miles – George Westinghouse