1. CST Review Protein Synthesis and Physiology

2. Part I. Protein Synthesis

3. DNA Basics Double helix=twisted ladder Double helix=twisted ladder Chromosomes=chains of DNA and proteins. Chromosomes=chains of DNA and proteins. Contains your genetic info (instructions to make proteins) Contains your genetic info (instructions to make proteins) Sequences of DNA=Genes Sequences of DNA=Genes Genes=codes for proteins=instructions for traits Genes=codes for proteins=instructions for traits

4. Protein Synthesis -Standards: BI4. a. Students know the general pathway by which ribosomes synthesize proteins, using tRNAs to translate genetic information in mRNA. BI4. a. Students know the general pathway by which ribosomes synthesize proteins, using tRNAs to translate genetic information in mRNA. BI5. a. Students know the general structures and functions of DNA, RNA, and protein. BI5. a. Students know the general structures and functions of DNA, RNA, and protein. BI5. b. Students know how to apply base-pairing rules to explain precise copying of DNA during semiconservative replication and transcription of information from DNA into mRNA. BI5. b. Students know how to apply base-pairing rules to explain precise copying of DNA during semiconservative replication and transcription of information from DNA into mRNA.

5. Protein Synthesis –Standards Explanation: BI4. a. Students know the general pathway by which ribosomes synthesize proteins, using tRNAs to translate genetic information in mRNA. BI4. a. Students know the general pathway by which ribosomes synthesize proteins, using tRNAs to translate genetic information in mRNA. 4.a.-ribosomes make proteins by reading a mRNA message,which has a code for a specific protein. BI5. a. Students know the general structures and functions of DNA, RNA, and protein. BI5. a. Students know the general structures and functions of DNA, RNA, and protein. 5.a.-DNA-double helix-contain genetic info, RNA-single-stranded, copy of a section of DNA, protein-make up many parts of the body BI5. b. Students know how to apply base-pairing rules to explain precise copying of DNA during semiconservative replication and transcription of information from DNA into mRNA. BI5. b. Students know how to apply base-pairing rules to explain precise copying of DNA during semiconservative replication and transcription of information from DNA into mRNA. 5.b.-DNA-(A-T, C-G), RNA-(A-U, C-G, (T)-A)

6. Objectives: SWBAT explain the genetic factors that influence the way we look. explain the genetic factors that influence the way we look. recognize that DNA contains the genetic information that determines the way we look. recognize that DNA contains the genetic information that determines the way we look. explain the structure and function of DNA. explain the structure and function of DNA. predict the physical characteristics of an organism based on its genetic make up. predict the physical characteristics of an organism based on its genetic make up. understand the general pathway by which ribosomes make proteins understand the general pathway by which ribosomes make proteins

7. Review-How does your DNA determine what you look like? Your traits are inherited from your parents. This means DNA is passed on from generation to generation in the form of chromosomes. The codes of the DNA called genes have the instructions for your traits. You inherit one copy of each gene from each parent giving you a certain genetic make-up that determines your physical make-up. Your traits are inherited from your parents. This means DNA is passed on from generation to generation in the form of chromosomes. The codes of the DNA called genes have the instructions for your traits. You inherit one copy of each gene from each parent giving you a certain genetic make-up that determines your physical make-up.

8. How does your DNA determine what you look like at the molecular level? Your traits are determined by your DNA because your DNA has codes/instructions for your traits called genes. Genes contain the codes for proteins, which make-up many structures such as your fingernails, hemoglobin, muscles, and the color of your eyes. The process of converting the instructions for your traits from your genes into protein molecules is called protein synthesis. Your traits are determined by your DNA because your DNA has codes/instructions for your traits called genes. Genes contain the codes for proteins, which make-up many structures such as your fingernails, hemoglobin, muscles, and the color of your eyes. The process of converting the instructions for your traits from your genes into protein molecules is called protein synthesis.

9. Key Concepts for Protein Synthesis Replication-DNA replication copies the genetic info of a cell. Replication-DNA replication copies the genetic info of a cell. Transcription-converts a gene into a single-stranded RNA molecule. Transcription-converts a gene into a single-stranded RNA molecule. Translation-converts an mRNA message into a polypeptide, or protein. Translation-converts an mRNA message into a polypeptide, or protein.

10. What is the central dogma? The central dogma describes the flow of information from DNA to RNA to proteins. The central dogma describes the flow of information from DNA to RNA to proteins.

11. Part II. Anatomy and Physiology

12. Big Idea Physiology :The internal environment of the human body is stable because of multiple organ systems working together. The human body is made of different levels of organization starting with cells and building up all the way to organ systems. Organ systems work together through mechanisms like negative feedback loops to maintain homeostasis in the human body. The human body is made of different levels of organization starting with cells and building up all the way to organ systems. Organ systems work together through mechanisms like negative feedback loops to maintain homeostasis in the human body.

14. Anatomy and Physiology Power Standards BI9. a. Students know how the complementary activity of major body systems provides cells with oxygen and nutrients and removes toxic waste products such as carbon dioxide. BI9. a. Students know how the complementary activity of major body systems provides cells with oxygen and nutrients and removes toxic waste products such as carbon dioxide. BI9. b. Students know how the nervous system mediates communication between different parts of the body and the body’s interactions with the environment. BI9. b. Students know how the nervous system mediates communication between different parts of the body and the body’s interactions with the environment. BI9. c. Students know how feedback loops in the nervous and endocrine systems regulate conditions in the body. BI9. c. Students know how feedback loops in the nervous and endocrine systems regulate conditions in the body. BI9. d. Students know the functions of the nervous system and the role of neurons in transmitting electrochemical impulses. BI9. d. Students know the functions of the nervous system and the role of neurons in transmitting electrochemical impulses.

15. Anatomy and Physiology Power Standards Explanation BI9. a.-Organ systems work together to maintain homeostasis by providing cells with oxygen and nutrients,and removes waste products such as carbon dioxide. BI9. a.-Organ systems work together to maintain homeostasis by providing cells with oxygen and nutrients,and removes waste products such as carbon dioxide. BI9. b.-The nervous system is the communication network different parts of the body. The nervous system processes the body’s interaction with the environment. BI9. b.-The nervous system is the communication network different parts of the body. The nervous system processes the body’s interaction with the environment. BI9. c. –Feedback loops (nervous system and endocrine system) maintain stable conditions in the body (temp.) BI9. c. –Feedback loops (nervous system and endocrine system) maintain stable conditions in the body (temp.) BI9. d.-The function of the nervous system is to communicate and control the functions of the body. Neurons (nerve cells) send messages to and from the nervous system. BI9. d.-The function of the nervous system is to communicate and control the functions of the body. Neurons (nerve cells) send messages to and from the nervous system.

16. Objectives: Understand the function of the nervous system. Understand the function of the nervous system. Explain how the nervous system maintains homeostasis. Explain how the nervous system maintains homeostasis. Explain how the nervous sends messages and communicates with different parts of the body. Explain how the nervous sends messages and communicates with different parts of the body.

17. The Nervous System

18. Nervous System Basics Controls and coordinates functions throughout the body and responds to internal and external stimuli. Controls and coordinates functions throughout the body and responds to internal and external stimuli. This communication helps maintain homeostasis. This communication helps maintain homeostasis. Structures-brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves Structures-brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves

19. Negative Feedback Loop-Ex.

20. Neurotransmission http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=90cj4N X87Yk http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=90cj4N X87Yk http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=90cj4N X87Yk http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=90cj4N X87Yk http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z3F5df mQ3hk&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z3F5df mQ3hk&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z3F5df mQ3hk&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z3F5df mQ3hk&feature=related

21. Central and Peripheral Nervous System CNS-includes brain and spinal cord, interprets messages from other nerves in the body and stores some messages for later. CNS-includes brain and spinal cord, interprets messages from other nerves in the body and stores some messages for later. PNS-network of nerves that transmits messages to the CNS and from the CNS to other organs in the body. (sensory and motor system) PNS-network of nerves that transmits messages to the CNS and from the CNS to other organs in the body. (sensory and motor system)

22. Central and Peripheral Nervous System CNS Made of interneurons Made of interneurons Receives, interpets, and sends signals to the PNS. Receives, interpets, and sends signals to the PNS.PNS Connects CNS to all of your organ systems Connects CNS to all of your organ systems Uses sensory neurons to detect stimuli Uses sensory neurons to detect stimuli Uses motor neurons to carry signals from CNS to other parts of the body Uses motor neurons to carry signals from CNS to other parts of the body

23. The Brain

24. What are neurons? Neurons=nerve cells Neurons=nerve cells Neurons-stores info and carries messages within the NS and between other body systems. Neurons-stores info and carries messages within the NS and between other body systems. 3 types-sensory, interneurons, and motor. 3 types-sensory, interneurons, and motor. http://www.infovisual.info/03/video/Nerve% 20impulse.html http://www.infovisual.info/03/video/Nerve% 20impulse.html http://www.infovisual.info/03/video/Nerve% 20impulse.html http://www.infovisual.info/03/video/Nerve% 20impulse.html

25. Neuron

26. How are signals transmitted in the nervous system? Signals are sent through and between neurons. Signals are sent through and between neurons. Signal transmission within a neuron is electrical. Signal transmission within a neuron is electrical. Signal transmission between neurons is chemical. Signal transmission between neurons is chemical.

27. Anatomy and Physiology Standards II. BI10. a. Students know the role of the skin in providing nonspecific defenses against infection. BI10. a. Students know the role of the skin in providing nonspecific defenses against infection. BI10. b. Students know the role of antibodies in the body’s response to infection. BI10. b. Students know the role of antibodies in the body’s response to infection. BI10. c. Students know how vaccination protects an individual from infectious diseases. BI10. c. Students know how vaccination protects an individual from infectious diseases. BI10. d. Students know there are important differences between bacteria and viruses with respect to their requirements for growth and replication, the body’s primary defenses against bacterial and viral infections, and effective treatments of these infections. BI10. d. Students know there are important differences between bacteria and viruses with respect to their requirements for growth and replication, the body’s primary defenses against bacterial and viral infections, and effective treatments of these infections. BI10. e. Students know why an individual with a compromised immune system (for example, a person with AIDS) may be unable to fight off and survive infections by microorganisms that are usually benign. BI10. e. Students know why an individual with a compromised immune system (for example, a person with AIDS) may be unable to fight off and survive infections by microorganisms that are usually benign.

28. Anatomy and Physiology Standards II Explanation BI10. a. Students know the role of the skin in providing nonspecific defenses against infection. BI10. a. Students know the role of the skin in providing nonspecific defenses against infection. 10.a.Skin protects you from infections by keeping pathogens out of your body BI10. b. Students know the role of antibodies in the body’s response to infection. BI10. b. Students know the role of antibodies in the body’s response to infection. 10.b.Antibodies are proteins that identify pathogens and clump them together for phagocytes to eat. BI10. c. Students know how vaccination protects an individual from infectious diseases. BI10. c. Students know how vaccination protects an individual from infectious diseases. 10.c. Vaccines are “dead” or “weakened” pathogens that are injected into the human body to trigger an immune response,so that the body knows how to fight the pathogen in the future. BI10. e. Students know why an individual with a compromised immune system (for example, a person with AIDS) may be unable to fight off and survive infections by microorganisms that are usually benign. BI10. e. Students know why an individual with a compromised immune system (for example, a person with AIDS) may be unable to fight off and survive infections by microorganisms that are usually benign. 10.e. Weakened immune system=lessened ability to respond to common infections

30. Self-Assessment of Understanding For the standards you do not understand, research the terms and write an explanation of two standards in your own words. For the standards you do not understand, research the terms and write an explanation of two standards in your own words.