1. EQ: How does the nervous and endocrine systems help regulate conditions in the body?

2. The Body’s communication systems help maintain homeostasis. A stimulus causes a response Responses can be chemical, cellular, or behavioral The nervous and endocrine systems respond to stimuli

3. The nervous system controls thought, movement, and emotion The endocrine system controls growth, development and digestion.

4. Structure Structure Brain, spinal cord, sensory neurons, interneurons, motor neurons Function Function Regulates body’s response to changes in internal and external environment, processes information

5. Neurons are highly specialized cells Three parts 1. Cell body – has nucleus and organelles 2. Dendrites – receive impulses 3. Axon – carries impulses cell body

6. Three types of neurons Three types of neurons Sensory neurons Sensory neurons – receive information Interneurons Interneurons – relay information from sensory to motor neurons Motor neurons Motor neurons – conduct impulses from the brain or spinal cord to muscles or glands

7. electrical An action potential is a moving electrical impulse but also has a chemical component. The electrical impulse moves along the axon till it reaches a synapse A neurotransmitter is released in the synapse where it then stimulates the next cell Neurotransmitter is a chemical signal between nerve cells. neurotransmitter

8. Structure: Structure: Hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenals, pancreas, ovaries, testes. Function: Function: Influences growth, development metabolism; helps maintain homeostasis

9. The endocrine system produces hormones: The endocrine system produces hormones: Hormones influence a cell’s activities by entering the cell or binding to its membrane Hormones travel though circulatory system Two types – Steroid hormones enter the cell Nonsteroid hormones do not enter the cell

10. The hypothalamus interacts with the nervous and endocrine systems. The hypothalamus interacts with the nervous and endocrine systems. The hypothalamus is a gland found in the brain The hypothalamus is a gland found in the brain Produces releasing hormones sent to Produces releasing hormones sent to pituitary gland. pituitary gland. The pituitary gland is found below The pituitary gland is found below the hypothalamus in the brain. the hypothalamus in the brain. Controls growth and water levels in Controls growth and water levels in blood; produces hormones sent blood; produces hormones sent throughout the body. throughout the body.

11. Releasing hormones stimulate other glands to produce hormones. Allow glands to communicate with one another Are used in temperature regulation

12. 1. What is homeostasis? 2. How does the skin help provide protection? 3. How does the skin help maintain homeostasis? 4. What are the functions of the: Integumentary Skeletal Muscular Respiratory Circulatory Nervous Endocrine 5. What are the three types of muscle tissue and what are the characteristics of each?

13. 6. What is the difference between ligaments and tendons? 7. How do the Respiratory and Circulatory system work together to help maintain homeostasis? 8. What are alveoli? 9. How is breathing regulated? 10. What are the 3 types of blood vessels and what are their characteristics? 11. What are the 3 types of neurons? 12. How do neurons transfer information? 13. What are hormones and what do they influence? 14. How do the hypothalamus and pituitary gland regulate body temperature?