1. KNOW YOUR PHYSICS FORMULAS

2. FORCE NET = (MASS)(ACCELERATI ON) SUM OF FORCES UP + SUM OF FORCES DOWNWARD SUM OF FORCES TO THE RIGHT + SUM OF FORCES TO THE LEFT

3. ACCELERATION Linear Acceleration (v f – v i ) ______ time Centripetal Acceleration V 2 /R

4. Average Velocity Total Distance Divided by Total Time (V f + V i )/2

5. Velocity of an object moving in a circle. (2*pi*Radius)/T T is the period Period is the time for one complete revolution

6. Force due to Gravity (mass)(acceleration due to gravity) (Gm 1 m 2 )/d 2 G is universal law of gravitation constant G= 6.67 X 10 -11

7. Distance traveled (constant velocity) Velocity times Time

8. Distance traveled (if accelerating) ½ at 2 + v i t Average Velocity times time

9. A Handy Formula to Know V f 2 =V i 2 + 2ad

10. Work Force times Distance Force and distance must be parallel Energy

11. Power The rate at which work is accomplished Work divided by time (Force times Distance) / Time Force times velocity

12. TORQUE FORCE TIMES DISTANCE FORCE AND DISTANCE MUST BE PERPENDICULAR If the net torque about any axis is equal then the system is in equilibrium If the net torque about any axis is unequal then the system will rotate

13. Normal Force Equals the weight of the object if the object is on a flat surface Nor mal Weight

14. Normal Force for an object on an incline. NORMAL FORCE EQUALS THE FORCE PERPENDICULAR FORCE PERPENDICULAR EQUALS THE WEIGHT TIMES THE COSINE OF THE INCLINE ANGLE NORMAL WEIGHT FORCE PERPENDICULAR

15. NORMAL FORCE FOR AN ANGLE TO WHICH A FORCE AT AN ANGLE IS APPLIED. Normal force equals the WEIGHT MINUS THE (Applied Force)(Sin of the Angle ) Applied Force Force times sin Of theta Theta Normal WEIGHT

16. Force due to FRICTION F f = (mu) NORMAL mu is the Coefficient of Friction Coefficients of friction are commonly less than one Static Coefficients are less than Kinetic Coefficients of Friction

17. Kinetic Energy Energy of Motion ½ (Mass) (Velocity) 2 Kinetic Energy is directly proportional to mass Kinetic Energy is directly proportional to the velocity SQUARED

18. Gravitational Potential Energy GPE Equals work done on object in moving it to that height above some arbitrary point of reference Equals (Mass)(Acceleration of gravity)(Height to which it is lifted)

19. Carry Energy Can do Work Can exert a force and move an object a distance Velocity=Frequency*Wavelength WAVES

21. Electromagnetic Waves R R M I V U X G Radio waves longest wavelength and lowest frequency in spectrum Gamma waves shortest wavelength and highest frequency in spectrum ROYGBIV – Visible Spectrum 3 x 10 8 meters per second in a vacuum or pretty close to that in air

22. Electromagnetic Waves Velocity in a specific medium = the speed of light in a vacuum divided by the index of refraction in that medium

23. Sound Waves Not electromagnetic waves Mechanical Waves Need a medium to transmit Will not travel through a vacuum Travel at approximately 330 meters per second Use D=VT

24. STANDING WAVES THREE NODES &TWO ANTINODES

25. Snell’s Law n 1 Sin Angle 1 = n 2 Sin Angle 2

26. Convex Lens-converging lens 1/f = 1/si + 1/so (f is the focal length) Si is the distance from the lens to the image So is the distance from the lens to the object The image formed is real if the object is outside the focal point of the lens

27. Charge Fundamental or elementary unit of charge Charge on one electron 1.6 x 10 -19 Coulombs Charge on one proton + 1.6 x 1 -19 Coulombs

28. Coulomb’s Law F =(kq 1 q 2 )/d 2 k= 9 x 10 9

29. According to Coulomb’s Law… If you double the charge on either of the charges then the force would? Double If you double the charge on both of the charges then the force would? Quadruple

30. According to Coulomb’s Law… If you double the distance between any two charges then the force will? Be ¼ of what it was If you halve the distance between any two charges then the force will? Quadruple

31. Electric Field Strength Measured in Newtons per Coulomb E= F/q Field points away from + charges and towards - charges

32. Gas Laws Ideal Gas Law PV=nRT Constant temperature then P 1 V 1 =P 2 V 2 Constant Pressure then V 1 /T 1 =V 2 /T 2

33. IDEAL GAS LAW This is an important diagram The curved line is called an isotherm That means that the temperature is constant along the curve!!!