1. 20:1 SEXUAL ASSAULT PREVENTION PROGRAM A PEER EDUCATION MODEL FOR GREEK LIFE AND ATHETICS PRESENTED BY DARA RABOY-PICCIANO, LCSW-R & RANDALL M-J EDOUARD, MSEd Raboy-Picciano/Edouard 2013

3. 20:1 Best Practices Principles  Gender Specific  Peer to Peer  Culturally Specific (Greek Life, Athletics)  Gender Balanced (Presenters)  Interactive Format  Real Life Scenarios  Focus on Sexual Consent  Focus on Bystander Behavior  Address Victim Blaming/Rape Myths  Address Predatory Behavior  Encourage Victim Support  Raboy-Picciano/2013

5. THE FOCUS GROUPS  FOCUS GROUP QUESTIONS:  Do you think sexual assault is a problem on BU campus? How is it a problem and how pervasive?  How do you believe the idea of consent is understood?  How do members of a fraternity express dissatisfaction with one another? How do they stand up to each other?  If you were to design an effective sexual assault prevention program what would it look like?  Do you think men can play an important role in this process?  Raboy-Picciano 2013

6. WHAT WAS LEARNED  Fraternities want to address bystander behavior  Fraternity men will listen to fraternity men, especially fraternity leaders  Educate in small groups  Keep fraternities separate, to promote in- depth conversation.  Men don’t understand consent Raboy-Picciano 2013

7. TIER ONE: EMPATHY BASED PROGRAM  Model Based on John Foubert’s “The Men’s Program”  20:1 model is modified to fit campus culture at Binghamton in order to elicit the best response and facilitate that highest possible level of personal growth from our fraternity men  Uses Sexual Assault and Consent Definitions from Sokolow and Berkowitz (2002)  Tier One builds empathy through use of Police Training Video and Discussion around victim blaming, victim experience, as well as how to help a victim  Empathy is Built, But  Lack of Understanding around Consent, so 20:1 created Tier Two  Raboy-Picciano/Causseaux/Rosario/20:1 2009

8. TIER TWO: AWARENESS BASED PROGRAM (CONSENT)  Tier Two focuses on Sexual Consent  Using the Consent Game© students have the opportunity to explore in depth the meaning of consent through practical application, and challenge deeply held beliefs in a non-threatening way.  Discussion of definition of sexual assault (Sokolow)  Discussion of definition of consent (Berkowitz)  Play the Consent Game©  Discussion/Know the Facts hand out  Lisak’s “The Undetected Rapist” DVD and stats used  Raboy-Picciano/Causseaux/Rosario/20:1 2009

9. TIER THREE: BYSTANDER BASED PROGRAM  Model adapted from Banyard’s “Bringing in the Bystander”  The Third Tier emerged from comments of participants who felt they had become more aware of the problem of sexual assault and prevention but wanted to know more about how to intervene.  Discuss what it means to be a Bystander  Give personal example of own struggle with being a bystander  Empathy building exercise: Important in setting the mood  Bystander Group Activity: This explores the what, whys, and how of intervening and helps people explore their own personal reasons, influences, and obstacles for whether or not they might intervene as a bystander. Raboy-Picciano/Rosario/20:1/Edouard 2009/2013

10. A PROGRAM FOR WOMEN  Written By Dara Raboy-Picciano, Randall Edouard, and members of the 20:1 Sexual Assault Preventions Peer Education Internship Class of 2011/2012 and 2012/2013  This is NOT a Risk Reduction Program  This is an Educational Program  Three Goals:  Exploring Sexual Consent  Building Sisterhood through Challenging Victim Blaming and Building Support  Understanding Predatory Behavior  Raboy-Picciano/Edouard/20:1/2013

11. 20:1 Data Collection and Analysis  Qualitative and Quantitative Data  Data from 2005-2007  Data from 2008-2010  Data from 2010 – the present  Pre/Post Surveys  Tier One and Tier Two Raboy-Picciano 2013

12. Pre/Post Surveys  Surveys Updated in 2010  Data from 2010-present will be run next year  What we are looking at:  Understanding of Sexual Assault  Understanding of Sexual Consent  Victim Blaming/Rape Myths  Victimization  Perpetration  Anticipated Behavioral Change  Qualitative Responses  Raboy-Picciano/Dallimore/Edouard/2013

13. Data Analysis The First Two Years  Over 200 Fraternity Men  Pre/Post Test Questions  Quantitative/Qualitative Analysis  Need for all Three Tiers  Self-Reported Perpetration Rates  Raboy-Picciano/Skojec 2009

14. Data Groups  Two groups of fraternity men  Group One; n = 198  Received first tier Empathy-based program  Group Two; n = 36  Received second tier Awareness-based program  Slightly older on average than group one participants  Raboy-Picciano/Skojec 2009

15. Data Group One Race/EthnicityFrequencyPercent African-American84.0 Asian-American4824.2 Caucasian/Euro-American11960.1 Latino/Hispanic94.5 Middle Eastern-American 10.6 Multi-racial American 10.56 International42.0 Other84.0 TOTAL198100  Raboy-Picciano/Skojec 2009

16. Data Group Two Race/EthnicityFrequencyPercent Euro-American (Caucasian) 2980.6 Latino-Hispanic American 12.8 Middle Eastern American 25.6 Multi Racial American 25.6 International12.8 Other12.8 TOTAL36100.0  Raboy-Picciano/Skojec 2009

17. Drinking Behavior of Data Groups Drinks/ week FrequencyPercent 02713.6 1-33618.2 4-63316.7 7+10251.5 FrequencyPercent000 1-300 4-625.6 7+3494.4 Data Group OneData Group Two  Raboy-Picciano/Skojec 2009

18. The Three Questions  To what degree are men reporting perceived perpetration of sexual assault?  Does the program facilitate a change in attitude regarding sexual assault and sexual consent?  Is the program facilitating, or at least encouraging, behavioral change?  Raboy-Picciano/Skojec 2009

19. Self-Reported Perpetration Rates-Before Training  Both groups were asked the question, “Do you believe you have engaged in behaviors that meet the definition of sexual assault?”  Data Group One had self-report rates in pre-testing showing 6.6% of men (13) felt they had engaged in behavior that could be defined as sexual assault.  Raboy-Picciano/Skojec 2009

20. Self-Reported Perpetration Rates-Before Training  Data Group Two had self-report rates in pre-testing showing 13.9% (5 men) believed they had engaged in behaviors that met the definition of sexual assault.  Between the two groups 18 men (7.7%) responded in the affirmative to the question.  Raboy-Picciano/Skojec 2009

21. Self-Reported Perpetration Rates-After Training Raboy-Picciano/Skojec 2009

22. Discussion of the findings  Men were reporting sexual assault in significant numbers, but there was also a large increase in the understanding of what constitutes sexual assault and consent  There was a need to separate out the components of building empathy and increasing awareness, but data indicate both components are necessary to the program  Provided some introductory normative data on men that sexual assault is clearly minority behavior, with a majority of fraternity men wanting to make changes  Education by peers helped them approach the topic in a manner that made fraternity men more comfortable with topic, its discussion, and more receptive to education.  Raboy-Picciano/Skojec 2009

23. Looking at Behavior Change  Data Group One: 32 men felt their behaviors met the definition of sexual assault following training  25 (78.1%) of these felt they would alter their behavior  7 (21.9%) felt they would not  3 (9.4%) answered yes on both pre and post survey and did not express the feelings that they would change their behavior.  This is 1.5% of total sample  Raboy-Picciano/Skojec 2009

24. Looking at Behavior Change  Data Group Two: 13 men felt their behavior met the definition of sexual assault following training on the post test.  13 (36.1%) felt they would alter their behavior of all men in data group two.  23 (68.9%) felt they would not  5.6% answered yes in both pre and post surveys and “no” as to whether or not they change their behavior.  Raboy-Picciano/Skojec 2009

25. Looking at Behavior Change

26. Discussion of the Findings  Between the two data groups, 130 men (55.6%) felt they would alter their behavior  At the same time, 41.5% of the men (97) did not feel they had committed a sexual assault either before or after training  Qualitative data indicated these men wanted to participate in creating cultural change but did not know what to do  This exemplified the need for the third tier focusing on bystander behavior  Raboy-Picciano/Skojec 2009

27. Discussion of the Findings  In both Data Groups, there was a percentage of men who answered yes to both the pre-test and post-test question asking whether their behavior met the definition of sexual assault and then answered “no” as to whether or not they would change their behavior after participating in the program.  In data group one, these men accounted for 1.5% (3 men), and in the second group 5.6% (2 men).  Additionally, there was a slightly larger pool of men who had responded in the affirmative on the post-test regardless of their previous opinion who were not willing to change  In Group One, there were 7 of these men (3.5%), while in Group Two, they accounted for 22.2% (8 men)  Raboy-Picciano/Skojec 2009

28. Discussion on the Findings  These men represent a portion of the population for who the program was not effective, and the numbers are roughly in line with what other studies have found  They represent a significant concern and highlight the need to both include a focus on change at the cultural/community level and educate others about how they can successfully intervene  Raboy-Picciano/Skojec 2009

29. Limitations of the Data  Pilot program that went through several alterations  Assessment tools were changed to meet the need of the program as it developed  Not all of the data was able to be compared between the various assessment tools  Did not include assessment of peer behavior on initial assessment tools  Raboy-Picciano/Skojec 2009

30. Qualitative Data from the First Two Years  Comments tended to fit into three categories  Category One: Perspective  Category Two: Consent  Category Three: Peer Education Raboy-Picciano/Skojec 2009

31. What the Qualitative Data Said  Examples from Category One: “informative from the female standpoint”, “different thought of rape”  Examples from Category Two: “Clarification about consent”, “It has informed me about consent”, “learned about consent”  Examples from Category Three: “It wasn’t from the perspective of elders, it was the point of view of real students’, “the presentation, we can relate to”, I like the scenarios and the speakers. The knew what they were speaking about”.  Raboy-Picciano/Skojec 2009

32. What the Qualitative Data Said  What they liked about the program:  “Down to earth”  “Interactive and related to us”  “discussions free and open”  “it’s honest, it’s true and examples are real”  What they didn’t like:  “length of the program”  “Video too graphic”  “did not think some members of fraternity were serious during presentation”  Do not think sexual assault is prevalent on campus ”  Raboy-Picciano/Skojec 2009

33. Data Analysis 2008-2010  Demographics:  Over 500 students  180 Fraternity Men  161 Women in Sororities or Professional Fraternities  118 Male Athletes  85 Female Athletes Raboy-Picciano 2013

34. Greek Life Demographics Ethnicity Caucasian242 Asian- American 31 “Other”20 Latino18 Multi-Racial8 African- American 6 Reported Drinking Does not drink 45% 1-3/week18% 4-6/week10% Over 7/week 25% Raboy-Picciano /Dallimore/2013

35. Do You Believe that after Participating in this Program your Behavior will change: Yes Raboy-Picciano/Dallimore/ 2013

36. Do you believe you have engaged in sexually assaultive behavior: Yes Raboy-Picciano /Dallimore/2013

37. Do you believe that you have been sexually assaulted: Yes Raboy-Picciano /Dallimore/2013

38. Unexpected Outcomes  20:1 Members as First Responders  Yo Bro 20:1  The tremendous commitment the men felt to the program  20:1 members as bridge in cases: example; date rape drugs at fraternity houses.  Raboy-Picciano 2013

39. Questions/Comments  Raboy-Picciano/Edouard /2013 For more information contact 20:1 at piccian@binghamton.edu