1. Ch. 5 Secession & Civil War
MS Studies Ch. 5
Ch. 5 Secession & Civil War

2. Slavery
Slavery was viewed as a potential problem dating back to the drafting of the U.S. Constitution
By 1819, slavery was the primary political issue in the U.S.

4. The Missouri Compromise
1819 U.S. had 22 states. 11 free states slave states
Free State – State that did not allow slavery
Slave State – State that did allow slavery
Missouri applied for statehood as a slave state
Missouri Compromise was created.
Missouri was admitted as slave state
Maine admitted as a free state
Slavery forbidden in the remainder of the Louisiana Purchase north of 36°30’ N

5. Missouri Compromise Map

6. Antislavery Movement
1817 American Colonization Society formed. Offered to send free blacks back to Africa (Liberia)
In 1831, William Winans and Stephan Duncan helped form the Mississippi Colonization Society.
By 1861, almost 600 free blacks had left MS to live in Liberia.

7. Nullification Crisis & States’ Rights
States’ Rights – the principle that the rights of the individual state should prevail over the rights of the federal government.
1832 South Carolina challenged the U.S. tariff saying that they had the right as a state to nullify this U.S. law.
S. Carolina threatened to secede
A compromise reduced the tariff, but a law was passed that denied the states the right to nullify a national law

8. The Compromise of 1850
1846 U.S. gained new lands from Mexico and the Missouri Compromise did not apply to them.
By 1850 California was ready for statehood & wanted to be free.
Issue was raised “FREE or SLAVE”
Compromise of 1850 solved the issue
California admitted as free state
Slavery in new territories would be determined by Popular Sovereignty (means a vote by those living there)

9. Compromise of 1850

10. Kansas-Nebraska Act
Congress passed the Kansas-Nebraska Act in 1854, which allowed the people of Kansas to decide upon slavery.
Abolitionists were outraged because Kansas is above the 36 degree30’N parallel.
This led to war in Kansas known as the Border War or Bleeding Kansas.

11. The Republican Party- was formed to oppose the expansion of slavery
The Dred Scott Decision- In 1857, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that slavery could not be barred from territories.
In 1859, John Brown, an abolitionist, led a raid on the federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia.
He hoped to provoke a slave rebellion but instead he was captured and executed.

12. Dred Scott

13. John Brown

14. MS & Secession Secession (withdrawal from the Union)
Southerners began to believe that secession was the only way to prevent the abolition of slavery.
Although most Mississippians wanted to stay in the Union, John Jones Pettus, a supporter of secession, was elected as governor of MS in 1859.

15. 1860 Presidential Election
Democrats divided
Southern Democrats nominated John C. Breckinridge (U.S. Vice President)
Northern Democrats nominated Stephen Douglas
Republican Party nominated Abraham Lincoln
Lincoln won the election (Breckenridge carried the south)

16. Election of 1860 Candidates Stephen A. Douglas (Northern Democrats)
John C.
Breckinridge
(Southern
Democrats)
Abraham
Lincoln
(Republican)
John Bell
(Constitutional
Party)

17. Secession Dec. 20, 1860 South Carolina seceded from the union
Jan. 9, 1861 MS became 2nd state to secede from the Union
AL, GA, FL, LA, & TX followed.
Feb delegates met in Montgomery, AL and formed the Confederate States of America (new government)
Jefferson Davis was selected as the President & Montgomery, AL was the capital
When VA seceded from the Union, the capital was moved to Richmond, VA.

18. Jefferson Davis

19. Confederate Flags Confederate Flag 1861-1863 Confederate Flag
Confederate
Navy Jack
Confederate
Battle Flag

20. War Begins
April 1861, Confederate forces fired on Fort Sumter in Charleston, South Carolina.
President Lincoln called for troops to put down the rebellion.
VA, NC, TN, & AR seceded.
Both sides thought they could win
South had better leaders & thought foreign nations would support them
North had more people and more resources than the south.

21. Fort Sumter
War Begins

22. Fort Sumter Aftermath

24. Presidents Jefferson Davis Confederate States Abraham Lincoln
United States

25. Albert Sidney Johnston
Ulysses S.Grant
Union General
Robert E. Lee
Eastern Front
Confederate General
Albert Sidney Johnston
Western Front
Confederate General

26. The Civil War in MS
In order to win the Civil War, the North had to invade and conquer the South.
Both, the North and the South wanted to control the Mississippi River during the war. This was vital to both sides.

27. MS River Gen. Ulysses S. Grant commanded Union forces in the West
Gen. Albert Sidney Johnston commanded Confederate troops in the West.
March 1862 Gen. Johnston is defending Corinth, MS. Gen. Grant has a fort at Shiloh (TN).

28. Ulysses S. Grant

29. Confederate encampment at Corinth

32. Battle of Shiloh
Johnston attacks grant on April 6 beginning the Battle of Shiloh. Johnston is killed during the battle.
Gen. P.G. T. Beauregard takes command of southern forces. Union forces cause a Confederate retreat back to Corinth.
Shiloh was the bloodiest battle of the war to that point.

33. Battle of Shiloh

34. Battle of Shiloh

35. Battle for Vicksburg
Vicksburg was vital. It sat within a great curve in the MS River. The city was well fortified and sat atop high bluffs.
Vicksburg was a key supply point for the Confederacy.
Dec Union Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman begins a direct attack against Vicksburg from the North. Attack Fails

36. Vicksburg 1863

37. Battle for Vicksburg (Cont.)
Grant moves his forces south of Vicksburg through LA.
Grant attacked & captured Jackson, MS in May 1863 & then led a direct attack on Vicksburg.
Vicksburg was surrounded, but numerous attacks failed
Grant laid siege to Vicksburg for 6 weeks
Vicksburg fell July 4, 1863 (same day as Gettysburg victory)

38. Vicksburg, MS

39. Confederate blockade at Vicksburg

40. Union soldiers at Vicksburg

41. Vicksburg National Cemetery

42. After Vicksburg Sherman captured Meridian, MS in Feb. 1864 (RR Depot)
Sherman moved on to Chattanooga
Late 1864 Sherman makes his famous “March to the Sea” (from Atlanta to Savannah, GA)

43. Battle of Chattanooga & Chickamagua

44. Atlanta
Gen. William
Tecumseh Sherman

45. Fort Massachusetts (Ship Island)

46. War Ends March 1865 Richmond, VA falls to the Union.
April 1865 Robert E. Lee surrenders at Appomattox Court House, VA
MS & AL troops surrendered on May 4, 1865 at Citronelle, AL
Jefferson Davis was captured on May 10, 1865 in Irwinville, GA

47. Lee Surrender

48. The End of Slavery
In 1862, President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation declaring that on January 1, 1863, all slaves owned by persons in Confederate states were free.
In December 1865, the 13th Amendment was added to the U.S. Constitution, which abolished slavery everywhere in the U.S.

49. Mclean House

50. Washington D.C. after the War

51. MS Numbers 80,000 Mississippians fought for the Confederacy
About 500 Mississippians fought for the Union Army
17,000 MS slaves or freedmen fought for the Union Army
MS had about 27,000 dead at the end of the Civil War.

52. 9th Mississippi Infantry

53. 9th MS Infantry at Ft Pickens, Pensacola

54. Private James Madison Moore, Company A, 14th Regiment, Mississippi Consolidated Infantry

57. MS’s Homefront Those at home did what they could
Men joined the service
Women made uniforms or were nurses
Everyone supported the state or opposed in silence
MS tried to have normal politics but it was impossible.
Money became worthless in the south.
People did not have
Candle wax, salt, coffee & tea (corn, okra, sweet potatoes used instead),
Slave Revolts were feared
Union Soldiers took what they wanted and in many cases destroyed everything else.

58. Hardtack

59. End of Slavery
During war many southern blacks fled to Union army camps.
Some stayed on the Plantations
Blacks joined Union army and mainly performed labor roles.
By end of war blacks were actively fighting for the Union
Blacks were paid less and usually given menial tasks.
1862 Emancipation Proclamation issued. Freed slaves in the seceding states.
Dec th Amendment abolished slavery

60. Slaves

61. Slaves

62. Slaves

63. Emancipation Proclamation

64. 13th Amendment (from Harper’s Weekly)
SCENE IN THE HOUSE ON THE PASSAGE OF THE PROPOSITION TO AMEND THE CONSTITUTION, JANUARY 31, 1865.